osteoblast

Orcinol glucoside (Sakakin) (OG), an active constituent isolated from the rhizomes of Curculigo orchioides Gaertn, shows potent antioxidative and anxiolytic activities without sedative effects.

KY-02327, a metabolically stabilized analog of KY-02061, serves as a potent inhibitor of the Dishevelled (Dvl)-CXXC5 interaction. This compound activates the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, thereby promoting osteoblast differentiation.

4-IPP (4-Iodo-6-phenylpyrimidine) is an irreversible inhibitor of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF).

NDMC101 is an inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV activity in human T cells and exhibits immunomodulatory effects. It also acts as a novel inhibitor of NFATc1 and NF-κB activity.

Toddaculine may be beneficial for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis, it can not only inhibit the differentiation of osteoclasts via activation of the NF-κB, ERK 1 2, and p38 MAPK signaling pathways, but can induce differentiation and mineralization of osteoblasts by regulating differentiation factors. Toddaculine also may serve as a pharmacological prototype for the development of novel anti-leukemic agents, it displays a dual effect as a cell differentiating agent and apoptosis inducer in U-937 cells.

Osteoblast-Adhesive Peptide, a polypeptide designed for biomaterials' chemical modification, enhances osteoblast adhesion, showing promise for use in dentistry and orthopedics [1] [2].

DIPQUO hydrochloride is an activator of the bone marker alkaline phosphatase (ALP), with an EC50 of 6.27 μM in C2C12 cells. DIPQUO hydrochloride promotes mouse and human osteoblast differentiation via activation of p38 MAPK-β.

Muramyl dipeptide (MDP) is a synthetic immunoreactive peptide, consisting of N-acetyl muramic acid attached to a short amino acid chain of L-Ala-D-isoGln. It indirectly decreases osteoclast differentiation by reducing the RANKL/OPG ratio and directly increases osteoblast differentiation by up-regulating Runx2 gene expression through MAPK pathways, thereby inducing bone formation via Runx2.

ER-50891 is a potent retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARα) antagonist. er-50891 reduces the inhibitory effect of allosteric retinoic acid and restores osteoblast differentiation induced by bone morphogenetic protein 2.

N-Oleoyl-L-Serine (N-Oleoylserine) is an endogenous long-chain fatty acid amide that is a lipid modulator of bone remodeling and stimulates osteoclast apoptosis which can be used to study osteoporosis. N-Oleoyl-L-Serine showed high activity in an osteoblast proliferation assay.N-Oleoyl-L-Serine promotes osteoclast apoptosis by inhibiting Erk1/2 phosphorylation and expression of nuclear κB ligand (RANKL) receptor activator in bone marrow stromal cells and osteoblasts, which attenuates osteoclast populations.

Rifampicin (Rifamycin AMP) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic. Rifampicin has a strong antibacterial effect against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and is also effective against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and viruses.

Tetracycline is an orally active broad-spectrum antibiotic that exhibits inhibitory activity against various Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as Chlamydia, Mycoplasma, and Rickettsia. It is commonly used in anti-infection research and can also be used to induce tumor regression based on BCR-ABL gene silencing.

3-Carene(Delta-3-Carene) is a bicyclic monoterpene extracted from western larch and Douglas-fir that acts as a phytofungicide.3-Carene inhibits inflammatory infiltrates and COX-2 overexpression induced by nociceptive stimuli.3-Carene has anti-injury properties and promotes the activity and expression of alkaline phosphatase, an early marker of osteoblast differentiation.

Osthole (Osthol), a potential inhibitor of histamine H1 receptor, has been shown to stimulate osteoblast proliferation and differentiation.

β-Glycerophosphate is a classical serine-threonine phosphatase inhibitor used in kinase reaction buffers. BGP is often used in combination with other phosphatase/protease inhibitors for broad spectrum inhibition. It functions as an organic phosphate donor

(+)-Medicarpin, a pterocarpan, is an isoflavonoid compound derived from medicinal plant species such as Sophora japonica, Zollernia paraensis, Platymiscium yucatamun, Machaerium aristulatum, and Platymiscium floribundum. It potently inhibits osteoclastogenesis and facilitates bone healing and increased bone mass through osteoblast differentiation, mediated by the estrogen receptor (ER) β.

Azadirachtin B (Deacetylazadirachtinol) is a terpenoid compound isolated from Azadirachta seeds, with insecticidal, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and antiviral activities, useful in the study of viral infections. Azadirachtin B also has osteoblast proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization properties.

Purmorphamine (Shh Signaling Antagonist VI), which directly binds and activates Smoothened, blocks BODIPY-cyclopamine binding to Smo. It also is an inducer of osteoblast differentiation.

S24-14 serves as an effective anti-osteoporosis agent by inhibiting osteoclastogenesis, promoting osteoblast differentiation, and reducing bone resorption.

Coelogin is an orally effective bone-protective agent that activates ER-Erk and Akt-dependent signaling pathways, thereby stimulating osteoblast differentiation. It is utilized in osteoporosis research.

SPA0355 is a thiourea derivative with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. It inhibits RANKL (receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand)-induced osteoclastogenesis in primary bone marrow-derived macrophages and suppresses the activation of MAPKs, Akt, and NF-κB pathways. Furthermore, SPA0355 enhances osteoblast differentiation by increasing alkaline phosphatase activity and mineralized nodule formation. It protects ovariectomized mice from bone loss by stimulating osteoblast differentiation and inhibiting osteoclast resorption, making it a potential candidate for studying postmenopausal osteoporosis.

MDK-4624 is a AMPKα1 activator. MDK-4624 inhibits Helicobacter pylori-induced oxidative stresses and gastric epithelial cell apoptosis. MDK-4624 attenuates dexamethasone-induced osteoblast cell death. MDK-4624 potently inhibits melanoma cell proliferation

Tectorigenin (4',5,7-Trihydroxy-6-methoxyisoflavone) is an O-methylated isoflavone. Tectorigenin Promotes Osteoblast Differentiation and in vivo Bone Healing, but Suppresses Osteoclast Differentiation and in vivo Bone Resorption.

Osteocalcin (1-49) is a non-collagenous peptide that is secreted by osteoblasts and odontoblasts and comprises 1-2% of the total protein in bone. Secretion of osteocalcin (1-49) is stimulated by 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D and plasma levels increase in diseases that induce dysregulated bone turnover such as osteoporosis, Paget's disease, and primary hyperparathyroidism. Osteocalcin (1-49) is positively correlated with insulin sensitivity and negatively correlated with high blood glucose levels in women. In vitro, osteocalcin induces chemotaxis of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, human peripheral blood monocytes, and rat osteosarcoma cells with osteoblast-like characteristics. It is also expressed by vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) displaying an osteoblast-like phenotype and has been positively associated with calcification of aortic tissue and heart valves in humans.