oligosaccharides

Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) are naturally occurring functional oligosaccharides, which are composed of 2 to 10 fructose molecules combined with glucose molecules. They are widely found in natural plants such as bananas, onions, garlic, chicory, and honey. As a typical prebiotic, fructooligosaccharides cannot be digested and absorbed by the human body, but are selectively fermented by beneficial gut bacteria, especially bifidobacteria, to promote gut health, support microbial balance.

2-Iminothiolane HCl (Trauts reagent) is a useful RNA-protein crosslinking reagent and an effective thiolation reagent for the introduction of sulphydryl groups into oligosaccharides.

β-Cyclodextrin (NSC 269471) is a member of the class of compounds known as oligosaccharides.

N-Biotinyl-6-aminohexanoic acid (N-(+)-Biotinyl-6-aminohexanoic acid) is utilized for N-terminal biotinylation.

β-Galactosidase (GAL) is a glycoside hydrolase that hydrolyzes the β-glycosidic bond formed between galactose and its organic part, and naturally catalyzes the hydrolysis of the galactosidic bond in oligosaccharides and disaccharides for the degradation of lactose and the production of low-lactose and lactose-free lactose products that are beneficial to lactose intolerant patients.

Lichenase (endo-1,3:1,4-β-D-Glucanase), an endo-(1-3),(1-4)-β-D-glucan 4-glucanohydrolase, efficiently solubilizes β-glucans from cereal grains, producing gluco-oligosaccharides (GOS). This enzyme is pivotal for the degradation of cell wall polysaccharides [1] [2].

Methyl 2,3,5-tri-O-benzyl-β-D-ribofuranoside is a glycosylation reagent used for synthesizing oligosaccharides and polysaccharides.

UDP-a-D-Galactose disodium salt is a donor substrate for galactosyltransferases employed in the biosynthesis of galactose-containing oligosaccharides[1].

Fructo-oligosaccharide DP7 GF6 (Fructoheptasaccharide) belongs to fructooligosaccharides (FOS) with degree of polymerization (DP=7).

Fructo-oligosaccharide DP8 GF7 (Fructo-oligosaccharide DP8 GF7) is a fructooligosaccharide (FOS) with a degree of polymerization (DP=8). It consists of seven fructose units connected by (2→1)-β-glycosidic bonds, featuring a single D-glucosyl unit at the non-reducing end.

Catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT) is a key enzyme in the regulation of melatonin synthesis, which is involved in the regulation of plant growth and development, and can be inhibited by structurally specific heparin oligosaccharides.

Disialyllactose, one of the most abundant sialylated oligosaccharides in bovine milk, is a notable component.

Endoglycoceramidase II (EGCase II), an endo-β-glucosidase, catalyzes the hydrolysis of the β-glycosidic linkage between oligosaccharides and ceramides in glycosphingolipids, releasing the complete glycan from ceramide [1] [2].

UDP-xylose disodium is a compound that can be isolated from Cryptococcus laurentii and is a sugar donor that can be used for the synthesis of glycoproteins, polysaccharides, various metabolites and oligosaccharides in plants, vertebrates and fungi.

N-acetyl-D-Lactosamine (N-Acetyllactosamine) is a disaccharide consisting of galactose and N-acetylglucose, which is an important component of various oligosaccharides and can be used as a starting material for the synthesis of various oligosaccharides. N-acetyl-D-Lactosamine may be used as a structural element naturally in various sugar conjugates and can also be used to characterise lectins, which have probiotic effect.

Cysteine hydrazide is an enrichment tool for the mass spectrometric characterization of bacterial-free oligosaccharides.

Ganglioside GM1 is one of the major sphingolipids (GSLs) on the cell surface of the central nervous system (CNS), which is protective of the CNS and is used in the study of neurological disorders.Ganglioside GM1 exerts protection against glutamate excitotoxicity through its oligosaccharides in wild-type and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis motor neurons.

β-N-Acetylhexosaminidase, an exoglycosidase, catalyzes the hydrolysis of terminal non-reducing β-N-acetylgalactosamine and glucosamine residues in oligosaccharides for epigenetic applications [1].

Lacto-N-triose II, a core structural unit of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), possesses nutraceutical potentials and is utilized in the synthesis of complex HMOs [1].

Pullulanase (R-enzyme), a starch debranching enzyme utilized in biochemical research, cleaves α-1,6 glucosidic linkages in starch, amylopectin, pullulan, and related oligosaccharides. This conversion of polysaccharides into smaller fermentative sugars facilitates saccharification processes [1].

Aldose 1-epimerase (mutarotases), an essential enzyme for carbohydrate metabolism, facilitates the interconversion between α- and β-anomers of hexose sugars, including glucose and galactose. This enzyme plays a vital role in normal carbohydrate metabolism and the synthesis of complex oligosaccharides [1].

Lacto-N-difucohexaose I (LNDFH I), a connecting agent, may facilitate the attachment of oligosaccharides bearing Lewis b sugar chains to water-insoluble polysaccharides [1].

D-Dimannuronic acid, derived from brown algae, is an alginate extract employed in the synthesis of sulfated polymannuronate (SPMG)-derived oligosaccharides.

Celloheptaose, an oligosaccharide composed of seven glucose units, serves as a substrate for polysaccharide monooxygenases (PMOs), facilitating the production of oxidized cellulo-oligosaccharides [1] [2].