non-cholinergic

(-)-Huperzine A (HupA) , an active Lycopodium alkaloid extracted from the traditional Chinese herb, is a potent, selective and reversible acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor and has been widely used in China for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Besipirdine (HP 749 free base) is a non-receptor-dependent cholinomimetic compound with alpha-adrenergic and cardiovascular activities.Besipirdine inhibits voltage-dependent sodium-potassium channels and inhibits biogenic amine uptake.Besipirdine reduces schedule-induced irritability and thirst and enhances cholinergic and adrenergic activity in the CNS in the rat. Besipirdine reduces schedule-induced thirst and enhances cholinergic and adrenergic neurotransmission in the central nervous system.

Besipirdine hydrochloride is a non-receptor-dependent cholinomimetic compound with alpha-adrenergic and cardiovascular activities.Besipirdine hydrochloride inhibits voltage-dependent sodium-potassium channels and inhibits biogenic amine uptake.Besipirdine hydrochloride reduces schedule-induced thirst and enhances cholinergic and adrenergic neurotransmission in the central nervous system in rats.

Trimetaphan camsilate is a drug that counteracts cholinergic transmission at the ganglion type of nicotinic receptors of the autonomic ganglia and therefore blocks both the sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system. It acts as a non-depolarizing competitive antagonist at the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, is short-acting, and is given intravenously.

Non-competitive nicotinic cholinergic antagonist; selectively inhibits nicotinic-stimulated catecholamine secretion from chromaffin cells and noradrenergic neurons (IC50 ~ 200 nM). Blocks nicotinic-induced cationic signaling (IC50 ~ 200 - 250 nM) and inhi

Human Factor XIIa Beta is an active fragment of coagulation factor XII, playing a crucial role in the intrinsic coagulation pathway and leading to clot formation. Additionally, Human Factor XIIa Beta is involved in the kallikrein-kinin system, resulting in the release of bradykinin (a vasodilator). Bradykinin stimulates the release of catecholamines and mediates its cardiovascular effects through a non-cholinergic, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) regulatory mechanism.