neuromodulatory

Pivagabine (CXB-722), a hydrophobic 4-aminobutyric acid derivative, exhibits neuromodulatory activity and successfully penetrates the blood-brain barrier in rats. It counteracts the impact of foot shock on GABAA receptor function and corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) levels in the rat brain.

Tyramine hydrochloride is a biogenic trace amine that is generated via the decarboxylation of the amino acid tyrosine, exhibiting neuromodulatory properties as well as cardiovascular and immunological effects.

SKF 81297 hydrobromide is a selective agonist of the dopamine D1-like receptor, with a high affinity for both D1 and D5 subtypes (Ki = 1.9 nM). SKF 81297 hydrochloride exhibits central activity in vivo and is widely used to study the neuromodulatory effects of the dopamine system, particularly in studies related to cognitive function and motor activity, such as Parkinson's disease.

WWamide-1 is a neuromodulatory peptide isolated from the ganglia of Afrian giant snail, Achatina fulica.

WWamide-2 is used as a neuromodulatory peptide isolated from the ganglia of African giant snail, Achatina fulica.

WWamide-3 is a neuromodulatory peptide isolated from the ganglia of African giant snail, Achatina fulica.

2-Amino-4-(2-aminophenyl)-4-oxobutanoic acid (3-Anthraniloylalanine) is a ketone and amino acid derivative with diverse biological functions, including vasodilatory, immunoregulatory, and neuromodulatory activities. It is a precursor for niacin and its aberrant production is linked to neurological disease-related cognitive deficits and depressive symptoms. This compound is overexpressed in certain cancer cell types and could potentially serve as a biomarker to assess cancer risk.

Suffruticosol A, a neuroprotective compound isolated from the seeds of P. lactiflora [1], mitigates scopolamine-induced neurodegenerative cellular damage and improves hippocampal cholinergic function. Additionally, it partially boosts BDNF signaling and has neuromodulatory effects, leading to the restoration of memory and cognitive performance in a scopolamine-induced mouse model.

Alpha-Cobratoxin, a neurotoxin isolated from Thai cobra venom, displays neuromodulatory, antiviral, and analgesic activities, as well as potent immunosuppressive effects in the treatment of acute and chronic multiple sclerosis. It is currently under investigation for its potential application in adrenomyeloneuropathy [1].

2-Aminotetralin acts as a neuromodulatory agent by inhibiting serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine reuptake in the rat brain at a dose of 39.4 mg/kg. It triggers hypothermia in rats through intracisternal or intraperitoneal injection, while the implantation of crystals in the hypothalamus' medial preoptic area leads to hyperthermia. Additionally, it mimics (+)-amphetamine in a two-lever drug discrimination test among rats in a dose-dependent manner.

Ampullosporin A is a peptaibol-type polypeptide isolated from the fungus Sepedonium ampullosporum (HKI-0053), exhibiting neuromodulatory activity. It inhibits hyperactivity induced by the NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801 and ameliorates social behavior abnormalities caused by subchronic ketamine treatment. Ampullosporin A modulates glutamate receptor activity without affecting dopamine D1 and D2 receptors.