liliaceae

Veratridine is a benzoate-cevane found in Veratrum and Schoenocaulon. It activates sodium channels to stay open longer than normal.

Resveratrol (SRT 501) is a polyphenolic natural product, a plant antitoxin with antioxidant and chemopreventive activities. Resveratrol has a wide range of targets including COX, SIRT, LOC, etc. Resveratrol induces autophagy and apoptosis.

Polyphyllin D induces apoptosis via the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway as evidenced by decreased Bcl-2 expression levels, disruption of MMP and increased Bax, cytochrome C, and cleaved-caspase-3 levels. Polyphyllin D has an anti-angiogenic effect. Polyphyllin D has toxicity in human RBCs as well as its underlying mechanism for the hemolysis and eryptosis erythroptosis. Polyphyllin D has strong anticancer activity, can overcome drug resistance in R-HepG2 cells and elicit programmed cell death via mitochondrial dysfunction.

1. Polyphyllin VI has hemostasis , expectorant , bacteriostasis, anticytotoxic, anti pregnancy kill sperm effects.

3,4-Dimethoxyphenylacetic acid (Homoveratrumic acid) is the papaverine intermediate, used to synthesis cardiovascular drugs.

Sarsasapogenin (Parigenin) is a steroidal sapogenin, that is the aglycosidic portion of a plant saponin. It is named after sarsaparilla (Smilax sp.), a family of climbing plants found in subtropical regions. It was one of the first sapogenins to be identified, and the first spirostan steroid to be identified as such.

Aloin (Aloin-A)(mixture of A&B), a natural anthracycline from Aloe vera, is a tyrosinase inhibitor.

Monocrotaline is an 11-membered macrocyclic pyrrolizidine alkaloid extracted from the seeds of Crotalaria plants. It inhibits organic cation transporters OCT-1 and OCT-2, with IC50 values of 36.8 µM and 1.8 mM, respectively. Monocrotaline exhibits antitumor activity and shows certain cytotoxicity against liver cancer cells such as HepG2. It is also commonly used to induce pulmonary arterial hypertension models in rodents.

Aloe emodin (Rhabarberone) is an interferon-inducing agent, for JEV （IC50=1 μg/mL） and EV71（IC50=0.33 μg/mL ）.

2,3-Dimethoxybenzaldehyde (5,6-Dimethoxybenzaldehyde) is a benzoic acid analog, with high Antifungal activity (MIC=2.5 mM). 2,3-Dimethoxybenzaldehyde could be used for the synthesis of berberine.

Veratramine (NSC-23880)(NSC-17821; NSC-23880) is a potent signal transduction inhibitor for treating tumors.

Veratric acid (3,4-Dimethoxybenzoic acid) is a benzoic acid derivative from plants and fruits, possessing antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and blood pressure-lowering properties.

1. Oxyresveratro can inhibit tyrosinase activity. 2. Oxyresveratro is useful to trauma models, as toxicity to glia could be beneficial by inhibiting reactive gliosis. 3. Oxyresveratrol (trans-Oxyresveratrol) has antioxidant activity, can reduce neuronal oxidative damage and protect hepatocytes against oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, which may be associated with activation of Nrf2.

Tulipalin A (α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone) (2-Methylenebutyrolactone) which has some phytotoxicity is a natural compound extracted from Tulipa gesneriana.

ALOIN Inhibits Interleukin (IL)-1β-Stimulated IL-8 Production in KB Cells.

D-Asparagine (H-D-Asn-OH) serves as a nitrogen source for yeast strains and acts as a competitive inhibitor of L-Asparagine hydrolysis with a Ki of 0.24 mM.

L-Azetidine-2-carboxylic acid ((2S)-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid) is a toxic proline analogue produced by members of the Liliaceae and Agavaciae families.

Formosanin C (Polyphyllin B) is a compound isolated from Rhizoma Paridis, showed pro-apoptosis and immunoregulation with antitumor activity in cultured cells and animal systems.

(+)-pinoresinol-β-D-glucoside; (+)-pinor is the major active furanoid lignan in Lianxian. It shows antioxidant, hypotensive and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) phosphodiesterase inhibitory activities.

1. Peimisine (Ebeiensine) can affect M-receptor, excit β-receptor, restrain the release of internal calcium, and promote to releaseing nitrogen monoxidum in order to relax tracheal smooth muscle and relieve asthma. 2. Peimisine can attenuate lung tissue injury( ALI), LDH and MDA amount in ALI mice in a dose dependent manner, it also lower the total protein, total white blood cells, lymphocyte and neutrophilic leukocyte in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid( BALF); suggests that peimisine can play a protective role against LPS-induced acute lung injury. 3. Peimisine has the protective effect on the experimental hepatic fibrosis formation, the possible mechanisms are associated with inhibiting fibrogenesis and fibrosis accumulation, and decreasing lipid peroxidation. 4. Peimisine can inhibit angiotensin I converting enzyme activity in a dose-dependent manner, displaying 5 % inhibitory concentration values of 526.5 microM, thus, it may have antihypertensive action.

1. Peiminine (Raddeanine) is an effective inhibitor for lung inflammation and pulmonary fibrosis in a rat model of bleomycin-induced lung injury.

Kauran-16,17-diol, a natural diterpenoid product, exhibits anti-tumoral and apoptosis-inducing activities by inhibiting NO production in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells with an IC50 value of 17 μM.

Galactose is a monosaccharide and hexose sugar widely present in most living cells, primarily absorbed into the bloodstream via SGLT1 and GLUT2 transporters and metabolised through the Leloir pathway. It inhibits alglucerase activity in monkey kidney CoS-1 cells, is a key component of cellular glycosylation, and plays a crucial role in neonatal neural development.

Yibeinoside A (Sinpeinine-3-O-β-glucoside) is an alkaloid from Fritillaria pallidiflora.