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2,5-Dihydroxybenzaldehyde (Gentisaldehyde) has antioxidant activity against Mycobacterium avium subsp. Paratuberculosis. 2,5-Dihydroxybenzaldehyde also inhibits S. aureus strains(MIC50: 500 mg/L).

1. Thonningianin A has anti-cancer activities.2. Thonningianin A represents a new potent glutathione S-transferase in vitro inhibitor.3. Thonningianin A has antioxidant property, involves radical scavenging, anti-superoxide formation and metal chelation.

Ionomycin is a calcium ion carrier and an antibiotic that binds to calcium ions (Ca2+). The main function of Ionomycin is to induce cellular responses by increasing the intracellular calcium ion concentration. In experiments, Ionomycin is typically used to activate calcium-dependent processes, such as apoptosis and enzyme activity.

Guanidine hydrochloride (Aminoformamidine Hydrochloride) is a strong organic base existing primarily as guanidium ions at physiological pH. It is found in the urine as a normal product of protein metabolism. It is also used in laboratory research as a protein denaturant.

NAD+ (β-Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) is a coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-diphosphate coupled to adenosine 5'-phosphate by pyrophosphate linkage. It is found widely in nature and is involved in numerous enzymatic reactions in which it serves as an electron carrier by being alternately oxidized (NAD+) and reduced (NADH).

D-(-)-Quinic acid (Kinic acid) is a cellular metal ion chelator, capable of promoting reactions with metal M(II,III) ions under pH-specific conditions. It may possess potent inhibition against alpha-mannosidase and alpha-fucosidase.

Phytic acid (Fytic Acid) is a complexing agent for removal of traces of heavy metal ions. It acts also as a hypocalcemic agent.

S-Adenosyl-L-methionine disulfate tosylate is a methyl donor with oral activity. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine disulfate tosylate is a dietary supplement with effective antidepressant and pain-relieving effects. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine disulfate tosylate also has anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic and anti-metastatic effects in cancer. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine can be used in the research of liver diseases and osteoarthritis.

Ammonium oxalate monohydrate is a commonly used chemical precipitant, used for separating and purifying metal ions, as well as in organic synthesis and the preparation of metal polishing agents.

2,4-Dihydroxypyridine is a pyridine derivative that acts as a chelating agent binding to metal ions and forming complexes. It is used as a reagent for determining the concentration of various ions, such as calcium, magnesium and phosphate. It is also used to measure the rate of enzyme-catalyzed reactions. It is also used for the detection and quantification of proteins, carbohydrates and other biomolecules.

Gramicidin (Gramicidine) is an antimicrobial peptide. Gramicidin dimers form ion channel-like pores in the cell membranes and organelles of bacterial and animal cells, allowing inorganic monovalent ions, such as potassium and sodium ions, to pass freely through the pores by diffusion, disrupting the important ionic gradient between membranes and thus killing the cells by various actions. Gramicidin is effective against Gram-positive bacteria such as Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus, but is not as effective against Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli.

Chitotriose trihydrochloride is an orally bioactive chitooligosaccharide characterized by its antioxidant properties, which manifest through the inhibition of H2O2-induced hydroxylation of benzoate in the presence of Cu2+ ions with an IC50 of 80 μM, and it also functions as a competitive inhibitor of lysozyme activity, suppressing constitutive lysozyme production in macrophages.

1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DPPE), a phospholipid member of the glycerophosphonoethanolamine family, is a major component in biological membranes. Studies have shown that cholesterol induces condensation of DPPE monolayers in the presence of Ca2+ ions, leading to more ordered lipid tails and resulting in a thicker membrane.

L-Aspartic Acid 4-Benzyl Ester is a chelating agent that forms stable complexes with metal ions. It has been used to study the effect of metal ions on enzyme activity and to investigate the role of metal ions in the regulation of gene expression.

4-Methyldaphnetin (DHMC) is a potent inhibitor (low micromolar) of lipid peroxidation and scavengers of superoxide anion radicals and of aqueous alkylperoxyl radicals, but may be pro-oxidant (enhancing generation of hydroxyl radicals) in the presence of free iron ions.2. 4-Methyldaphnetin(7,8-Dihydroxy-4-methylcoumarin) inhibits the proinflammatory 5-lipoxygenase enzyme at micromolar concentrations.

Guanidine hydrochloride (Standard) is the standard substance of Guanidine hydrochloride, and it is applicable for quantitative analysis, quality control, and related research in biochemical experiments. Guanidine hydrochloride (Aminoformamidine Hydrochloride) is a strong organic base existing primarily as guanidium ions at physiological pH. It is found in the urine as a normal product of protein metabolism. It is also used in laboratory research as a protein denaturant.

Phytic acid (Standard) is the standard substance of Phytic acid, and it is applicable for quantitative analysis, quality control, and related research in biochemical experiments. Phytic acid (Fytic Acid) is a complexing agent for removal of traces of heavy metal ions. It acts also as a hypocalcemic agent.

Chaetoglobosin E is a ferroptosis inducer exhibiting significant cytotoxicity against the human tumor cell lines MDA-MB231 and A549, with IC50 values of 9.14 μM and 7.47 μM, respectively. It induces ferroptosis by downregulating GPX4 expression in A549 cells, leading to increased intracellular levels of Fe2+ (iron ions) and the lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde (MDA), resulting in mitochondrial shrinkage and reduced or absent cristae. Chaetoglobosin E is applicable in cancer research.

Badione A is a compound that can be found in Xerocomus badius and is capable of forming stable salts with potassium ions.

Batrachotoxin (BTX), a potent neurotoxin and cardiotoxin, is found in the skin of the Colombian dart frog (Phyllobates aurotaenia). As an activator of sodium channels (sodium channel), it interferes with normal sodium channel closure by binding to voltage-gated sodium channels (sodium channel) on the cell membrane. This interaction causes a continuous influx of sodium ions into the cells, leading to persistent depolarization.