inflammatory

Chloroquine is a Toll-like receptor inhibitor that inhibits autophagy. Chloroquine has anti-malarial and anti-inflammatory activity and is widely used in the treatment of malaria and rheumatoid arthritis. Chloroquine also has anti-SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) activity and anti-HIV-1 activity.

Hesperidin (Cirantin) is a flavanone glycoside found in citrus fruits with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, and antihypertensive and lipid-lowering activity.

Aucubin (Rhinanthin) is an iridoid glycoside with anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-algesic as well as anti-tumor activities.

1. Irisflorentin blocks apoptosis pathways, by exerting its effects by promoting rpn-3 expression to enhance the activity of proteasomes and down-regulating egl-1 expression. 2. Irisflorentin has anti-inflammatory mechanism in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 macr

Flavone glycoside from Robinia with antibacterial and diuretic properties; derived from kaempferol.The ability of robinin to reverse the multidrug resistance of the human colon cancer cell line Colo 320 expreβing MDR1 LRP was explored by monitoring their uptake of Rhodamine 123, but was shown to have minimal effect. Robinin (NSC-9222) was detected in lysates of the human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 using liquid chromatography-tandem maβ spectrometry.

Compound 13, also known as Anti-inflammatory agent 57 and classified as a pyranocoumarin, is a natural product extracted from the roots of Peucedanum praeruptorum. This compound possesses both multidrug-resistance (MDR) reversal properties and anti-inflammatory effects [1].

Compound 29 (Compound 7) is an anti-inflammatory agent that exhibits hepatoprotective activity [1].

Anti-inflammatory agent 98 (Compound 8) is an effective inhibitor of NO production with an IC50 value of 14.79 μM. This benzofuran compound exhibits anti-inflammatory properties and is found in the roots of Paeonia lactiflora Pall.

Anti-inflammatory agent 5 effectively inhibits nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide-induced BV-2 microglial cells.

Compound 28 (Compound 9) is an anti-inflammatory agent with hepatoprotective activity [1].

Anti-inflammatory agent 80, an anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor compound, can be isolated from Cynanchum limprichtii Schltr [1] [2].

Compound 5 (Anti-inflammatory agent 30) exhibits anti-inflammatory properties and demonstrates hepatoprotective activity [1].

Neuroinflammatory-IN-1 (Compound 5) is an anti-neuroinflammatory agent that inhibits nitric oxide (NO) production with an IC50 of 65.4 μM [1].

5-O-Caffeoylshikimic acid shows anti-oxidative activity; it also shows anti-inflammatory activity, the underlying mechanism was associated with downregulation of nuclear factor-κB.

Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) derived from Escherichia coli 055:B5, are a unique component of the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria. They are composed of three regions: lipid A, oligosaccharide core, and O-specific polysaccharide (O-antigen). Lipopolysaccharides help maintain the integrity of the cell outer membrane and protect bacteria from damage by bile salts and lipid antibiotics. Lipopolysaccharides are highly immunogenic antigens that can enhance immune responses and can be used to construct inflammatory models.

Salvianolic acid A (Dan Phenolic Acid A) is a natural product and an inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9). Salvianolic acid A has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity and protects the blood-brain barrier.

Capsaicin ((E)-Capsaicin) is a natural product extracted from Capsicum annuum, and is a TRPV1 agonist (EC50=0.29 μM). Capsaicin has antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and neuroprotective activities.

Resiniferatoxin ((+)-Resiniferatoxin) is a highly potent synthetic TRPV1 agonist that inhibits the production of Th1 cytokines and has anti-inflammatory activity, reducing serum levels of IL-12, INF-γ, IL-1β, TNF-α, NO, and PGE.

Leupeptin hemisulfate is a protease inhibitor with cell membrane-permeable, reversible, competitive, and oral activities. Leupeptin hemisulfate inhibits the activity of Cathepsin B, Cathepsin H, and Cathepsin L, and blocks fusion of amphipathic lysosomes. Leupeptin hemisulfate also has anti-inflammatory activity.

Rutin (Quercetin 3-O-rutinoside), a flavonoid, has a variety of biological activities including antiallergic, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, and anticarcinogenic properties.

5-Aminosalicylic Acid (5-ASA) is an anti-inflammatory agent, structurally related to the SALICYLATES, which is active in INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE. It is considered to be the active moiety of SULPHASALAZINE.

antcin A is a steroid-like phytochemical isolated from the fruiting bodies of a precious edible mushroom Antrodia cinnamomea with strong anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects.

Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is a naturally occurring hormone involved in various physiological processes, such as smooth muscle contraction and relaxation, vasodilation and constriction, blood pressure regulation, and inflammatory regulation.

Palmatine chloride an isoquinoline alkaloid, is an important medicinal herbal extract with diverse pharmacological and biological properties.