hemolytic

Iptacopan hydrochloride (LNP023 hydrochloride) is an orally bioavailable, highly potent and highly selective factor B inhibitor with an IC50 of 10 nM. Iptacopan hydrochloride shows direct, reversible, and high-affinity binding to human factor B with a KD of 7.9 nM.

Antimicrobial agent-22 (THI 6c) is a broad-spectrum, multi-target antibacterial with rapid bactericidal efficacy, effective anti-biofilm activity, and low cytotoxicity and hemolytic properties [1].

Phenazopyridine hydrochloride (Pyridium) is used orally as a urinary tract analgesic. Side effects of phenazopyridine hydrochloride administration can include nausea, interference with the oxygen-carrying capacity of red blood cells (methemoglobinemia), hemolytic anemia as well as renal and hepatic toxicity. It is reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen.

Surfactin is a potent cyclic lipopeptide biosurfactants that mediates flux of mono-and divalent cations, such as calcium, across lipid bilayer membranes, with anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, antimycoplasma and hemolytic effects.

Prosaikogenin H, an intestinal metabolite derived from saikosaponin, exhibits weak hemolytic activity.

LL-37 FK-13 TFA, the TFA salt form of LL-37 FK-13, is an antimicrobial agent that inhibits Trichomonas vaginalis. It exhibits minimal hemolytic effects on human red blood cells and shows slight cytotoxicity towards human fibroblasts.

Anti-MRSA agent 15 (Compound 9o10) exhibits antimicrobial activity, inhibiting methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.0625 μg mL. It demonstrates low hemolytic activity and minimal cytotoxicity. Additionally, Anti-MRSA agent 15 shows anti-infection activity in mice.

Maximin 77 is an antimicrobial peptide with antibacterial activity against S. aureus (MIC: 18.8 μg mL) and exhibits hemolytic activities against human red cells [1].

SMAP-18, an 18-amino acid residue peptide amide, is a biologically active truncated variant of Sheep myeloid antimicrobial peptide-29 (SMAP-29). It retains potent antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas strains, other Gram-negative bacteria, and multidrug-resistant pathogens. Notably, SMAP-18 exhibits increased cell selectivity relative to the parent peptide SMAP-29 due to its reduced hemolytic activity while maintaining its antimicrobial efficacy.

Maximin 49, an antimicrobial peptide, exhibits antibacterial activity against S. aureus (MIC: 18.8 μg mL) and demonstrates hemolytic activities on human and rabbit red cells [1].

FtsZ-IN-6 is a potent inhibitor of FtsZ, enhancing its polymerization while inhibiting its GTPase activity, thereby obstructing bacterial cell division and causing bacterial cell death. This compound exhibits bactericidal properties without significant induction of bacterial resistance and demonstrates rapid bactericidal effects. Moreover, FtsZ-IN-6 has low hemolytic activity and cytotoxicity towards mammalian cells [1].

Cecropin A (1-7)-Melittin A (2-9) is an antimicrobial peptide with broad-spectrum activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative aerobic bacteria, as well as antimalarial properties, without the adverse hemolytic effects commonly associated with bee venom peptides [1].

Anti-MRSA agent 4 (compound 7a), a selective and potent inhibitor of Gram-positive Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) growth, demonstrates a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ≤ 0.26 µM and exhibits neither cytotoxic nor hemolytic activity in HEK293 cells [1].

Im5, an antimicrobial peptide, exhibits antibacterial activity, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 10 μM for E. coli, 2.5-5 μM for S. aureus, and 0.5-1 μM for B. subtilis, as well as hemolytic activity with an effective concentration (EC50) of 28 μM [1].

FtsZ-IN-8, a potent inhibitor of FtsZ, both promotes FtsZ polymerization and inhibits its GTPase activity, leading to the inhibition of bacterial division and subsequent bacterial cell death. This compound exhibits bactericidal activity without significant induction of bacterial resistance and possesses rapid bactericidal properties. Additionally, FtsZ-IN-8 demonstrates low hemolytic activity and cytotoxicity towards mammalian cells [1].

Maximin 42 is an antimicrobial peptide with antibacterial activity against S. aureus (MIC: 37.5 μg mL) and exhibits hemolytic activities against human red cells [1].

FtsZ-IN-1 is a potent FtsZ inhibitor with a quinoline ring, exhibiting a strong inhibitory effect on Gram-positive bacteria (MIC: 0.5-8 μg mL). It enhances FtsZ polymerization and significantly promotes cell elongation in Bacillus subtilis. FtsZ-IN-1 has low hemolytic toxicity and demonstrates anti-drug-resistant bacterial effects due to its low tendency to induce drug resistance.

Tafenoquine (WR 238605) is an antimalarial prophylactic agent with schizonticidal activity, useful in hemolytic anemia research.

Prosaikogenin F ((2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-{[(1S,2R,4S,5R,8R,9S,10R,13S,14R,17S,18R)-2-hydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-4,5,9,13,20,20-hexamethyl-24-oxahexacyclo[15.5.2.01,1?.0?,1?.0?,1?.0?,13]tetracos-15-en-10-yl]oxy}-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol) is a natural product with anticancer and hemolytic properties [1].

YSK 05, a pH-sensitive cationic lipid, enhances the intracellular trafficking of non-viral vectors, significantly improves gene silencing and hemolytic activities in its modified form YSK 05-MEND, and effectively overcomes the suppression of endosomal escape caused by PEGylation, thereby enhancing siRNA delivery both in vitro and in vivo [1].

CAP 3 is a cholic acid-peptide conjugate (CAP) with antibacterial activity. It is active against the Gram-negative bacteria E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and A. baumanii (MIC99s = 8, 16, and 16 μM, respectively). CAP 3 increases the fluidity of model Gram-negative bacterial membranes and binds to LPS in vitro. It reduces the biomass and number of colony-forming units in E. coli biofilms in a concentration-dependent manner. CAP 3 inhibits E. coli biofilm formation on catheters implanted in mice infected with E. coli at the incision site when applied as a coating on the catheters. CAP 3 (40 mg/kg) also reduces bacterial load in E. coli-infected wounds in mice. It is cytotoxic to A459 cells (IC50 = 56.4 μM) and has hemolytic activity against human red blood cells with a 50% lysis (HC50) value of 48 μM.

Balteatide is an antimicrobial peptide found in the skin secretions of Phyllomedusa baltea. It inhibits Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=435 μM), Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli (MIC=109 μM), and Candida albicans (MIC=27 μM). Balteatide lacks hemolytic activity (512 mg L) and myotropic activity.

Anti bacterial agent 237 (compound Ru-8) acts as a potent antibacterial agent against Staphylococcus aureus, exhibiting minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranging from 0.78 to 1.56 μg mL. It works by disrupting bacterial cell membranes, altering their permeability, and inducing the production of reactive oxygen species, which leads to bacterial cell death without promoting resistance. Additionally, Anti bacterial agent 237 demonstrates low hemolytic toxicity towards rabbit erythrocytes and Raw 264.7 cells. It has shown significant antibacterial activity in models of skin wound infections in mice and larval infections by the greater wax moth, effectively combating Staphylococcus aureus infections.

Pegcetacoplan acetate is a pegylated complement C3 inhibitory peptide that functions by binding to complement component 3 (C3) and its activation fragment C3b. This compound is utilized in the study of complement-mediated diseases, including age-related macular degeneration, C3 glomerulopathy, geographic atrophy (GA), and autoimmune hemolytic anemia.