glycyrrhetinic

Carbenoxolone disodium (Duogastrone) salt is an agent derived from licorice root. It is used for the treatment of digestive tract ulcers, especially in the stomach. Antidiuretic side effects are frequent, but otherwise, the drug is low in toxicity.

Stearyl glycyrrhetinate, the stearyl ester of 18-β-glycyrrhetinic acid, has been demonstrated to improve antiviral effects, reduce inflammation and suppress allergies in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry.

18β-Glycyrrhetinic acid (Enoxolone) is the major bioactive component of Glycyrrhizae Radix and possesses anti-ulcerative, anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative properties.

18α-Glycyrrhetinic acid (Enoxolone) is an inhibitor of NF-kB and an activator of the proteasome, and functions as a longevity-promoting and anti-aggregation factor in multicellular organisms. It induces apoptosis.

Allantoin glycyrrhetinic acid is a protein aggregate suppressor.

Glycyrrhetinic acid-d3 is a deuterated compound of Glycyrrhetinic acid. Glycyrrhetinic acid has a CAS number of 1449-05-4. Enoxolone (INN, BAN; also known as glycyrrhetinic acid) is a pentacyclic triterpenoid derivative of the beta-amyrin type obtained from the hydrolysis of glycyrrhizic acid, which was obtained from the herb licorice. It is used in flavoring and it masks the bitter taste of drugs like aloe and quinine. It is effective in the treatment of peptic ulcer and also has expectorant (antitussive) properties.

Lauroylglycyrrhetinic acid, an analog of carbenoxolone, can be used in the treatment of stomach ulcer.

Diammonium Glycyrrhizinate (Glycyrrhizin) , an extensively used anti-inflammatory agent, is isolated from the licorice root. It is metabolized to glycyrrhetinic acid, which inhibits 11-β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and other enzymes involved in the metabolism of corticosteroids. Therefore, glycyrrhizic acid, the main and sweet component of licorice, has been studied for its ability to cause hypermineralocorticoidism with potassium loss and sodium retention, edema, increased blood pressure, as well as inhibited the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.

GA-O-02, an 18β-Glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) derivative, functions as a powerful antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory agent. This compound inhibits NO, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and chemokines to exert its anti-inflammatory effects. Additionally, GA-O-02 demonstrates significant antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria.

GA-O-06, an 18β-Glycyrrhetinic acid derivative, serves as a potent antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory agent. It achieves its anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting NO, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and chemokines, while demonstrating significant antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria.

18β-Glycyrrhetyl-3-O-sulfate (Glycyrrhetic acid 3-O-(hydrogen sulfate)), a major metabolite of Glycyrrhetinic acid (GA), is a potent inhibitor of type 2 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11β-HSD2) with an IC50 value of 0.10 µM in rat kidney microsome assays. This compound is a substrate for organic anion transporters (OAT) 1 and OAT3, exhibits anti-inflammatory properties, and holds potential for research into pseudohyperaldosteronism [1] [2].

Cinoxolone, a glycyrrhetinic acid derivative, functions as an antiulcer agent [1].