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Safflower yellow is extracted from the flowers of the plant safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) and as the traditional Chinese medicine it has been extensively used for the treatment of cardio cerebrovascular diseases.

Safflower yellow (Saffron powder) is extracted from the flowers of the plant safflower (Carthamus tinctorius). As traditional Chinese medicine, safflower has been extensively used for the treatment of cardio-cerebrovascular diseases.

2-Ethylpyrazine is present in roasted coffee beans and is a volatile compound .2-Ethylpyrazine induces vasodilation through the activity of endothelium-derived relaxing factors.2-Ethylpyrazine activates NO synthesis through the action of endothelial endothelial NO synthase.2-Ethylpyrazine induces vasodilation by inducing NO release and increasing peripheral blood flow to induce vasodilation.

Pentoxifylline (PTX) modulates immunologic activity by stimulating cytokine production. Pentoxifylline is a methylxanthine derivative that inhibits phosphodiesterase and affects blood rheology. It also inhibits platelet aggregation and improves blood flow by increasing erythrocyte and leukocyte flexibility.

Rhodamine B (Brilliant Pink B) is used as a tracer dye in water to determine the rate and direction of flow and transport.

4-Aminohippuric Acid is the glycine amide of 4-aminobenzoic acid. Its sodium salt is used as a diagnostic aid to measure effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) and excretory capacity.

Icariin (Ieariline) belongs to the flavonol glycoside group of natural products, can inhibit PDE5 and PDE4 activity (IC50=432 73.50 μM), is also a PPARα activator. Icariin can increase cardiovascular and cerebrovascular blood flow, promote hematopoiesis, immunity and bone metabolism.

Prostaglandin E1 (Alprostadil) is the naturally occurring prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) which displays a variety of pharmacologic actions. Prostaglandin E1 is a potent vasodilator agent that increases peripheral blood flow, inhibits platelet aggregation, and induces bronchodilation. Used in the treatment of erectile dysfunction, this agent produces corporal smooth muscle relaxation by binding to PGE receptors, resulting in the activation of adenylate cyclase and the subsequent accumulation of 3'5'-cAMP.

Viquidil hydrochloride (Quinotoxine hydrochloride) is an isomer of Quinidine. Viquidil hydrochloride is an agent of cerebral vasodilator with antithrombotic activity.

7-Amino-4-methylcoumarin-3-acetic acid [7-Amino-4-methylcoumarin] is a more suitable substrate for enteropeptidase compared to GD(4)K-NA.

Dehydroevodiamine (DHED), a constituent of Evodia rutaecarpa, has various biological effects such as hypotensive, negative chronotropic, ion channel depressant, inhibition of nitric oxide production and cerebral blood flow enhancing activities.

Alismol has antihypertensive action, it decreases cardiac output, heart rate and left ventricular pressure, but it increases coronary flow, it has been used for the prevention of anginal attacks.

N-methyltaxol C and paclitaxel can produce a positive inotropic effect in papillary muscle, without alterations in the action potential. They can induced conduction arrhythmias and reduce coronary flow and left ventricular systolic pressure in the isolate

Pinoresinol ((+)-Pinoresinol) has antiinflammatory, hepatoprotective, and fungicidal activities, it can protect pial microcirculation from I-reperfusion injury, to increase nitric oxide release and to reduce oxidative stress preserving pial blood flow distribution; it may exert pharmacologically interesting effects via modulation of the insulin-like signalling pathway in C.elegans. Pinoresinol causes an upregulation of the CDK inhibitor p21(WAF1 Cip1) both at mRNA and protein levels, inhibits NF-kappaB and activating protein 1 (AP-1).

Anisodamine hydrochloride, an anticholinergic and α1 adrenergic receptor antagonist, is used for enhancing blood flow in circulatory disorders like septic shock. It exhibits a range of pharmacological effects similar to Atropine and Scopolamine, including the inhibition of salivation, gastrointestinal and sweat secretion, gastrointestinal motility, respiratory secretion, and urinary bladder contraction in vivo [1].

Secoxyloganin possesses a hepato-protective effect. Secoxyloganin possesses antibacterial activity. Secoxyloganin has cytotoxic activity against UACC-62 cell line.Secoxyloganin possesses the perfect protective effect on PRRSV infected cell and with the minimum protection concentration of 6. 25 μg mL.

(R)-IDHP, an isomer of IDHP and a metabolite of salvia, exhibits vasorelaxant properties by inhibiting calcium (Ca 2+) release and inward flow through both voltage-dependent and receptor-operated calcium channels in vascular smooth muscle cells. It is utilized in cardiovascular disease research [1].