embryonic

Carcinoembryonic antigen peptide 1 (CEA peptide) is a Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) derived peptide. CEA is a broad-spectrum tumour marker, a glycoprotein produced by colorectal cancer tissues, which acts as an antigen to elicit an immune response.

Trofinetide, derived from the neuroprotective tripeptide Gly-Pro-Glu (an N-terminal sequence of insulin-like growth factor-1, IGF-1), shows promise in various neuroprotective models. At a concentration of 10 nM, it mitigates cell death in primary rat embryonic striatal neurons caused by okadaic acid. Additionally, Trofinetide reduces the expression of pro-inflammatory markers (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, and E-selectin) in a rat model simulating neuroinflammation from penetrating ballistic-like brain injuries. In cases of brain injury induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), administration of Trofinetide at 30 and 60 mg kg reduces the area of cortical and striatal infarct. Furthermore, a daily dose of 100 mg kg reverses social recognition and contextual fear conditioning deficits, diminishes the number of dendritic spines, and decreases testicular weight gain in an fmr1- - knockout mouse model of fragile X syndrome. Trofinetide formulations have been employed in treating Rett syndrome, highlighting its versatility across various neurological conditions.

ELA-32(human) TFA is a potent apelin receptor agonist with high affinity, demonstrating an IC50 of 0.27 nM and a Kd of 0.51 nM. This compound does not bind to GPR15 or GPR25. It activates the PI3K AKT signaling pathway, facilitating self-renewal of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) through cell-cycle progression and protein synthesis. Additionally, ELA-32(human) TFA enhances the TGFβ pathway, predisposing hESCs towards an endoderm lineage, and promotes angiogenesis in HUVEC cells.

TAT-SAMβA, an RNAENFDRF (SAMβA) peptide conjugated to the TAT 47–57 protein-derived cell-penetrating peptide, acts as a selective antagonist of the Mfn1-βIIPKC association. It has been shown to protect mouse embryonic fibroblast cells (MEFs) from cytotoxicity induced by oxidative stress [1].

Kisspeptin-10, human TFA, is a potent vasoconstrictor and angiogenesis inhibitor that also suppresses tumor metastasis through its interaction with the receptor GPR54. It is crucial for embryonic kidney development and promotes osteoblast differentiation through NFATc4-mediated BMP2 expression via the Kisspeptin-10 GPR54 signaling pathway [1].

Kisspeptin-10, human TFA is a potent vasoconstrictor and angiogenesis inhibitor. Kisspeptin-10, human TFA acts as a tumor metastasis suppressor via its receptor GPR54. Kisspeptin-10-GPR54 system plays an important role in embryonic kidney development. Kisspeptin-10 GPR54 signaling induces osteoblast differentiation via NFATc4-mediated BMP2 expression

Biotin-labeled Hyaluronan-binding Peptide is a biologically active peptide conjugated with biotin via a C-terminal GGGSK linker. It interacts with the non-sulfated glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan (HA), prominent in the extracellular matrix and on cellular surfaces, involved in processes such as fertilization, embryonic development, wound healing, angiogenesis, leukocyte migration, and cancer metastasis. The peptide impedes HA's interaction with CD44 receptors and curtails T cell proliferation.

Pheromonotropin (Pseudaletia separata) (Pss-PT), a C-terminal pentapeptide FXPRL-amide pheromone of the armyworm (Pseudaletia separata), is a member of the PK PBAN family that induces sex pheromone production in moths, mediates feeding through intestinal muscle contraction, influences development processes such as embryonic and pupal diapause and pupation, and enhances defense mechanisms against predators [1].

Cyclo(RGDfC) TFA (Cyclo(Arg-Gly-Asp-D-Phe-Cys) TFA) is a cyclic pentapeptide, a cyclic RGD polypeptide with high affinity for αvβ3, which is capable of disrupting cellular integrin interactions. Cyclo(RGDfC) TFA inhibits pluripotent gene expression in embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and inhibits tumorigenic potential of mESCs in vivo. Cyclo(RGDfC) TFA inhibits the tumorigenic potential of mESC. Cyclo(RGDfC) TFA can be used for tumor-related studies.