cytochrome-c

TMPD dihydrochloride is an active substrate of enzymatically convert redox and an electron donor for the reduction of heme peroxidases.

Cytochrome C, a protein that belongs to class 1 of the c-type cytochrome family, exerts different functions depending on its cellular localization and the conditions in which it operates.

Cytochrome c - pigeon (88-104) Acetate (Cytochrome c - pigeon ) is specific for a peptide within the COOH-terminal sequence 88-1041. 

Moth Cytochrome C (MCC) (88-103), derived from the carboxyl terminus of moth cytochrome c, induces positive selection of TCR transgenic thymocytes. Thymic positive and negative selections govern the development of a self-MHC-reactive, yet self-tolerant, T cell repertoire.

Cytochrome c fragment (93-108) is a peptide from Cytochrome c, which is a small heme protein found loosely associated with the inner membrane of the mitochondrion. Cytochromes c from certain eukaryotes, including plants and fungi but not higher animals, contains methylated lysine residues at specific positions1. Cytochrome c is a required cofactor for Apaf-1 function2.

VBIT-4 is a voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1) oligomerization inhibitor (Kd: 17 μM). VBIT-4 can be used for therapeutic purposes in apoptosis-associated disorders (such as neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases).

Polyphyllin D induces apoptosis via the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway as evidenced by decreased Bcl-2 expression levels, disruption of MMP and increased Bax, cytochrome C, and cleaved-caspase-3 levels. Polyphyllin D has an anti-angiogenic effect. Polyphyllin D has toxicity in human RBCs as well as its underlying mechanism for the hemolysis and eryptosis erythroptosis. Polyphyllin D has strong anticancer activity, can overcome drug resistance in R-HepG2 cells and elicit programmed cell death via mitochondrial dysfunction.

Bz 423 is a potent immunomodulator that induces apoptosis by activating Bax and Bak to induce mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization and cytochrome c release.Bz 423 shows partial activity in a mouse model of lupus.

JGB1741 (ILS-JGB-1741) is a potent and selective inhibitor of SIRT1 with an IC50 of 15 μM. It modulates the Bax/Bcl2 ratio, cytochrome c release, and PARP cleavage, and increases acetylated p53 levels, leading to p53-mediated apoptosis. JGB1741 can be used in breast cancer studies.

MitoBloCK-6 is an effective inhibitor of Erv1 ALR with IC50 values of 900 nM and 700 nM, respectively. Additionally, MitoBloCK-6 inhibits Erv2 (IC50=1.4 μM). It induces apoptosis in hESCs by promoting the release of cytochrome c.

Emamectin Benzoate (MK-244), by binding gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor and glutamate-gated chloride channels disrupting nerve signals within arthropods, acts as a chloride channel activator.

Methoxsalen (NCI-C55903) is a Photoactivated Radical Generator and Psoralen. The mechanism of action of methoxsalen is as a Photoabsorption. The physiologic effect of methoxsalen is by means of Photosensitizing Activity.

Gentiopicroside (Gentiopicrin), a naturally occurring iridoid glycoside, extracted from Gentiana manshurica Kitag, inhibits P450 activity, with an IC50 and a Ki of 61 μM and 22.8 μM for CYP2A6; has antianti-inflammatoryand antioxidative effects.

Ginsenoside C-K (Ginsenoside K) is a bacterial metabolite of G-Rb1 exhibiting anti-inflammatory effects by reducing iNOS and COX-2.

1-Methoxynaphthalene is an aromatic compound widely used in biochemical experiments and drug synthesis research.

Sulconazole mononitrate (Exelderm) is the nitrate salt form of sulconazole, a synthetic imidazole derivative with the antifungal property. Sulconazole mononitrate inhibits fungal cytochrome P-450 sterol C-14 alpha-demethylation, resulting in the accumulation of fungal 14 alpha-methyl sterols and inhibition of the synthesis of ergosterol, an important component of the fungal cell membrane. Inhibition of ergosterol synthesis leads to a disruption of cell membrane permeability, and ultimately inhibition of cell wall synthesis. In addition, Sulconazole mononitrate seems to interfere with the autolytic degradation of fungal DNA and RNA.

1,1'-Methylenedi-2-naphthol target CYP2C19 - cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 19 (human).

Oxiconazole is a broad-spectrum imidazole antifungal agent with fungicidal activity against T. rubrum, T. mentagrophytes, T. tonsurans, T. violaceum, E. floccosum, M. canis, M. audouini, M. gypseum, C. albicans, and M. furfur. have fungicidal activity, inhibiting ergosterol biosynthesis and disrupting fungal cell membrane integrity by disrupting cytochrome P450 enzymes (lanosterol 14- α demethylase). It also inhibits DNA synthesis and suppresses intracellular ATP concentration.

NS3694 is an inhibitor of apoptosis and inhibits apoptosome formation and caspase activation.

Fraxetin (7,8-dihydroxy-6-methoxy coumarin) has dual-antioxidative ,hepatoprotective and antihyperglycemic functions, it shows potent protective effects against CCl4 induced oxidative stress and hepatic fibrosis, has a marked inhibitory effect on S.aureus proliferation. It increased the level of Nrf2 ARE, and HO-1, inhibit the formation of ROS, cytochrome c release, activation of caspase-3 and 9, and suppressed the up-regulation of Bax.

Acetoxycycloheximide induces cell surface TNF receptor 1. It also rapidly induces apoptosis mediated by the release of cytochrome c via activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase.

Salvianolic Acid C is extracted from the root of Salvia miltiorrhiza, a perennial plant in the genus Salvia.

Siramesine (Lu 28-179)(Lu 28-179) is a selective sigma-2 receptor agonist, which has been shown to trigger cell death of cancer cells and to exhibit a potent anticancer activity in vivo.lysosome-destabilizing agent siramesine can induce rapid cell death in a number of cell lines at concentrations above 20 μM. In HaCaT cells, cell death was accompanied by caspase activation, rapid loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), cytochrome c release, cardiolipin peroxidation and typical apoptotic morphology, whereas in U-87MG cells most apoptotic hallmarks were not notable, although MMP was rapidly lost

Dafadine-A is an analog of dafadine and a novel inhibitor of DAF-9 cytochrome P450 in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Mammalian orthologs that also inhibit DAF-9 (CYP27A1).