bv2

Rosarin has anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. Rosarin supresses the expression of the proinflammatory factors iNOS, IL-1 β, and TNF- α in the kidney and prefrontal cortex of brain in mice .

Dexamethasone is a glucocorticoid receptor agonist and IL receptor modulator with anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, and apoptosis-inducing activities. It inhibits the production of inflammatory miRNA-155 exosomes in macrophages, significantly reduces inflammatory cytokine expression in neutrophils and monocytes, suppresses LPS-induced macrophage inflammation, and induces autophagy. It is commonly used to induce animal models of depression, muscle atrophy, and hypertension, and holds potential in COVID-19 research.

Minocycline hydrochloride (Minocycline HCl) is a tetracycline antibiotic with excellent absorption and tissue penetration that is used for several bacterial infections as well as treatment of acne. Minocycline hydrochloride can cause both an acute hepatitis-like syndrome occurring within 1 to 3 months of starting therapy or a more insidious chronic hepatitis with autoimmune features typically after long-term treatment.

Myricetin (Cannabiscetin) is a natural flavonoid and MEK1 inhibitor. Myricetin has hypoglycemic, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory activities.

Mulberrofuran C, a benzofuran present in Morus alba, has inhibitory effects on Aβ₁₋₄₂ auto-aggregation, tau protein aggregation, AChE, antioxidant activity and neuroprotective effects, and has anti-Alzheimer's disease potential.

Galicaftor (ABBV-2222; GLPG-2222) is a potent and orally active cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) corrector that enhances CFTR protein folding and trafficking, Galicaftor is widely used in cystic fibrosis research to study CFTR rescue mechanisms, epithelial ion transport, and therapeutic correction of underlying molecular defects.

ABBV-221 is an intravenously administered drug that modulates the activity of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and has potential antitumor activity.

Quercetin 3,7-dimethyl ether is a flavonoid compound that exhibits pharmacological potential as a vasorelaxant and possesses anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects in inhibiting LPS-induced inflammation.

Brovincamine also known as brovincamine fumarate (BV, Sabromin) was used in Japan mainly as an improver of cerebral circulation and metabolism, and also as an inhibitor of the aggregation of platelets through the cyclic AMP pathway in patients with normal tension glaucoma. Brovincamine exerts its action via calcium channels blockade. Brovincamine is also a vasodilator.

Ganoderic acid D2 is a triterpenoid natural product isolated from Ganoderma lucidum. It belongs to the ganoderic acid family and exhibits multiple biological activities, including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects.

Coelonin is a dihydrophenanthrene compound with anti-inflammatory activity. Coelonin can inhibit the phosphorylation of PTEN induced by LPS, and inhibit the activation of NF-κB and the degradation of p27^Kip1 by negatively regulating PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Coelonin can also inhibit the phosphorylation and degradation of IκBα, thus up-regulating the level of IκBα protein.

Tau-aggregation and neuroinflammation-IN-1 is a potent inhibitor of tau protein aggregates, showing significant inhibitory activity against AcPHF6 and full-length tau protein aggregates. It has anti-inflammatory activity, reduces NO release, exhibits low cytotoxicity against LSP-stimulated BV2 cells, and reverses okadaic acid-induced memory impairment in rats.

CHPG is a selective mGluR5 agonist that reduces LDH release and neuronal apoptosis, activates the ERK and Akt pathways, and protects against traumatic brain injury. It also increases the number of differentiated human OPCs and alleviates LPS-induced inflammation.

YM-I-26 is a selective inhibitor of the NLRP3 inflammasome. This compound enhances the phagocytic activity of β-amyloid in murine microglial BV2 cells and reduces the production of IL-1β and IL-10. YM-I-26 is useful for research into inflammation-related immunomodulatory activities.

BChE-IN-44 is a potent and highly selective butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitor that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier, demonstrated by [equineBChEIC50= 18.00 pM, humanBChEIC50= 1.50 nM]. BChE-IN-44 offers neuroprotective effects against Aβ1-42-induced damage models and halts the self-aggregation of Aβ1-42. It reduces levels of inflammatory factors (NO, IL-6, and TNF-α) in BV2 cells induced by lipopolysaccharides. Additionally, BChE-IN-44 significantly ameliorates cognitive impairment caused by scopolamine. It also regulates BChE and acetylcholine levels in the hippocampus of mice. BChE-IN-44 is applicable for Alzheimer's disease (AD) research.

PROTACBRD3 degrader-1 (compound D072) is a potent and selective PROTACBRD3 degrader. It specifically degrades BRD3 in mice, leading to downregulation of H3K18ac expression without affecting BRD2 or BRD4. This compound reduces intraocular inflammation in an experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) mouse model and inhibits pro-inflammatory microglia in both uveitis retinas and LPS-treated mouse microglial cell line BV2. PROTACBRD3 degrader-1 is applicable for uveitis research.

IMM-H004 is an effective inhibitor of BV2 microglia activation.

Isomaculosidine can significantly inhibit nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV2 cells.

9,13β-Epidioxy-8(14)-abieten-18-oic acid has anti-inflammatory activities, it exhibits moderate activities on NO levels in LPS-stimulated murine microglia BV2 cells, with IC50 values of 57.3 ± 0.2 uM. It is also a potential antitumor-promoting diterpenoid, it shows potent inhibitory effects on Epstein-Barr virus early antigen (EBV-EA) activation induced by the tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate. 9 α ,13 β -Epidioxyabeit-8(14)en-18-oic acid may contribute to the growth inhibitory effect of the pine needles and may play an important role in the allelopathy of red pine.

UT-11 is a potent brain-permeable inhibitor of microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1), exhibiting IC50 values of 0.10 μM and 2.00 μM for the inhibition of PGE2 production in human (SK-N-AS) and murine (BV2) cells, respectively [1].

Anti-neuroinflammation Agent 1 effectively modulates BV2 microglia cell polarization, shifting from an M1 to an M2 phenotype [1].

Sanggenon A (Sanggenone A) exhibits anti-inflammatory properties by modulating the NF-κB and HO-1/Nrf2 signaling pathways in BV2 and RAW264.7 cells, and it significantly suppresses Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide production [1].

TG8-260 is a selective second-generation EP2 antagonist (oral bioavailability 77.3%). It inhibits microglial inflammatory gene expression, used for CNS and peripheral inflammatory disease research.

sTGFBR3 antagonist 1 (Compound p24) is an antagonist of soluble transforming growth factor β receptor 3 (sTGFBR3) that activates the TGF-β signaling pathway while inhibiting the IκBα/NF-κB signaling pathway. It inhibits the release of NO induced by LPS in BV2 cells with an IC50 of 0.52 μM. sTGFBR3 antagonist 1 exhibits anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective activities and can enhance the permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). This compound is applicable in research related to Alzheimers disease.