bv2

Rosarin has anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. Rosarin supresses the expression of the proinflammatory factors iNOS, IL-1 β, and TNF- α in the kidney and prefrontal cortex of brain in mice .

Dexamethasone is a glucocorticoid receptor agonist and IL receptor modulator with anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, and apoptosis-inducing activities. It inhibits the production of inflammatory miRNA-155 exosomes in macrophages, significantly reduces inflammatory cytokine expression in neutrophils and monocytes, suppresses LPS-induced macrophage inflammation, and induces autophagy. It is commonly used to induce animal models of depression, muscle atrophy, and hypertension, and holds potential in COVID-19 research.

Minocycline hydrochloride (Minocycline HCl) is a tetracycline antibiotic with excellent absorption and tissue penetration that is used for several bacterial infections as well as treatment of acne. Minocycline hydrochloride can cause both an acute hepatitis-like syndrome occurring within 1 to 3 months of starting therapy or a more insidious chronic hepatitis with autoimmune features typically after long-term treatment.

Myricetin (Cannabiscetin) is a natural flavonoid and MEK1 inhibitor. Myricetin has hypoglycemic, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory activities.

Mulberrofuran C, a benzofuran present in Morus alba, has inhibitory effects on Aβ₁₋₄₂ auto-aggregation, tau protein aggregation, AChE, antioxidant activity and neuroprotective effects, and has anti-Alzheimer's disease potential.

Galicaftor (ABBV-2222; GLPG-2222) is a potent and orally active cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) corrector that enhances CFTR protein folding and trafficking, Galicaftor is widely used in cystic fibrosis research to study CFTR rescue mechanisms, epithelial ion transport, and therapeutic correction of underlying molecular defects.

ABBV-221 is an intravenously administered drug that modulates the activity of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and has potential antitumor activity.

Brovincamine also known as brovincamine fumarate (BV, Sabromin) was used in Japan mainly as an improver of cerebral circulation and metabolism, and also as an inhibitor of the aggregation of platelets through the cyclic AMP pathway in patients with normal tension glaucoma. Brovincamine exerts its action via calcium channels blockade. Brovincamine is also a vasodilator.

Tau-aggregation and neuroinflammation-IN-1 is a potent inhibitor of tau protein aggregates, showing significant inhibitory activity against AcPHF6 and full-length tau protein aggregates. It has anti-inflammatory activity, reduces NO release, exhibits low cytotoxicity against LSP-stimulated BV2 cells, and reverses okadaic acid-induced memory impairment in rats.

CHPG is a selective mGluR5 agonist that reduces LDH release and neuronal apoptosis, activates the ERK and Akt pathways, and protects against traumatic brain injury. It also increases the number of differentiated human OPCs and alleviates LPS-induced inflammation.

YM-I-26 is a selective inhibitor of the NLRP3 inflammasome. This compound enhances the phagocytic activity of β-amyloid in murine microglial BV2 cells and reduces the production of IL-1β and IL-10. YM-I-26 is useful for research into inflammation-related immunomodulatory activities.

IMM-H004 is an effective inhibitor of BV2 microglia activation.

Isomaculosidine can significantly inhibit nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV2 cells.

9,13β-Epidioxy-8(14)-abieten-18-oic acid has anti-inflammatory activities, it exhibits moderate activities on NO levels in LPS-stimulated murine microglia BV2 cells, with IC50 values of 57.3 ± 0.2 uM. It is also a potential antitumor-promoting diterpenoid, it shows potent inhibitory effects on Epstein-Barr virus early antigen (EBV-EA) activation induced by the tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate. 9 α ,13 β -Epidioxyabeit-8(14)en-18-oic acid may contribute to the growth inhibitory effect of the pine needles and may play an important role in the allelopathy of red pine.

UT-11 is a potent brain-permeable inhibitor of microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1), exhibiting IC50 values of 0.10 μM and 2.00 μM for the inhibition of PGE2 production in human (SK-N-AS) and murine (BV2) cells, respectively [1].

Anti-neuroinflammation Agent 1 effectively modulates BV2 microglia cell polarization, shifting from an M1 to an M2 phenotype [1].

Sanggenon A (Sanggenone A) exhibits anti-inflammatory properties by modulating the NF-κB and HO-1/Nrf2 signaling pathways in BV2 and RAW264.7 cells, and it significantly suppresses Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide production [1].

TG8-260 is a second-generation EP2 antagonist developed to mitigate pathology in inflammatory-driven central and peripheral nervous system disorders. In a rat model, TG8-260 reduced neuroinflammation and gliosis in the hippocampal region following pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus. Pharmacokinetic data for TG8-260 reveal a plasma half-life of 2.14 hours and an oral bioavailability of 77.3%. Furthermore, TG8-260 acts as a potent inhibitor of CYP450 and demonstrates antagonistic activity by inhibiting EP2 receptor-mediated inflammatory gene expression in BV2-hEP2 microglial cells, making it suitable for research on anti-inflammatory pathways in animal models of peripheral inflammatory diseases.

sTGFBR3 antagonist 1 (Compound p24) is an antagonist of soluble transforming growth factor β receptor 3 (sTGFBR3) that activates the TGF-β signaling pathway while inhibiting the IκBα/NF-κB signaling pathway. It inhibits the release of NO induced by LPS in BV2 cells with an IC50 of 0.52 μM. sTGFBR3 antagonist 1 exhibits anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective activities and can enhance the permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). This compound is applicable in research related to Alzheimers disease.

Protosappanin A (PTA) has anti-oxidative/nitrative activities on brain immune and neuroinflammation through regulation of CD14/TLR4-dependent IKK/IκB/NF-κB inflammation signal pathway; it exerts anti-neuroinflammatory effect by inhibiting JAK2-STAT3 pathway in lipopolysaccharide-induced BV2 microglia. Protosappanin A induces immunosuppression of rats heart transplantation targeting T cells in grafts via NF-kappaB pathway. Protosappanin A and protosappanin B have antimicrobial activity, they show both alone activities and resistance reversal effects of amikacin and gentamicin against MRSA. Protosappanin A shows strong effect against HIV-1 IN with an IC50 value of 12.6 uM.

1,7-Dihydroxy-2,3-dimethoxyxanthone may have medicinal use in managing inflammation, asthma, and allergy; it non-competitively but reversibly antagonizes contractions induced by chemical inflammatory mediators in the guinea pig trachea in vitro and significantly inhibits LPS-induced NO production in BV2 microglia cells.

Bisdehydroneotuberostemonine shows significant inhibitory effect on lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide production in BV2 microglia at 100 uM.

Capillarisin is a novel blocker of STAT3 activation and thus may have a potential in negative regulation of growth, metastasis, and chemoresistance of tumor cells, it inhibits cancer cell growth of osteosarcoma cells by inducing apoptosis accompanied with

(+)-Hannokinol and MESO-hannokinol can significantly inhibit lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide production in BV2 microglial cells at concentrations ranging from 1 microM to 100 microM.