butin

Butin, a major biologically active flavonoid isolated from the Dalbergia odorifera, has strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiplatelet activities.

(-)-Butin (Butin) has antioxidant activity, can protect cells against H2O2-induced apoptosis, oxidative DNA damage and oxidative mitochondrial dysfunction; it attenuates oxidative stress by activating Nrf2-mediated Mn SOD induction via the PI3K Akt signaling pathway.

(+)-Butin, the R enantiomer of butin, is a significant flavonoid extracted from Dalbergia odorifera's heartwood, exhibiting potent antioxidant, antiplatelet, and anti-inflammatory properties [1].

Arbutin (p-Arbutin)(β-Arbutin) is a glycosylated hydroquinone extracted from the bearberry plant in the genus Arctostaphylos and can inhibit tyrosinase and thus prevent the formation of melanin.

DeoxyArbutin(IC50=50 nM) inhibits tyrosinase activity reversibly.

Methylarbutin (ß-PMP-Glc;4-Methoxyphenyl β-D-Glucopyranoside) is an ice recrystallization inhibitor (IRI)

α-Arbutin (4-hydroxyphenyl-D-lucopyranoside) is a synthetic and functional active ingredient for skin lightening.

6'-O-caffeoylarbutin may serve as a skin-whitening ingredient with the merits of potent melanin inhibition,less toxicity and reversible melanin synthesis after stopping use.

Homoarbutin is a natural product

Isohomoarbutin is a natural product from the whole herb of Pyrola rotundifolia (Pyrolaceae).