blood vessels

Irbesartan (SR-47436) is an Angiotensin 2 Receptor Blocker whose mechanism of action involves antagonizing the Angiotensin 2 Receptor.

Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is a natural hormone-like substance involved in various physiological functions, including the contraction and relaxation of smooth muscles, dilation and constriction of blood vessels, regulation of blood pressure, and modulation of inflammation. It can be used to induce neuropathic pain models.

OR-1896 is the active metabolite of Levosimendan, a highly specific phosphodiesterase (PDE III) inhibitor, a vasodilator with partial anti-inflammatory properties that produces vasodilation in different types of blood vessels through activation of ATP-sensitive (KATP) and other potassium channels.OR-1896 can be used to study heart failure and vascular dysfunction. OR-1896 can be used to study heart failure and vascular dysfunction.

Xylometazoline hydrochloride (Xylometazoline HCl) is an α-adrenoceptor agonist usually used as nasal decongestant.

Nicorandil (SG-75)(Ikorel) acts by relaxing the smooth muscle of the blood vessels, especially those of the venous system. It undertakes this through two methods. Firstly, by activating potassium channels, and secondly by donating nitric oxide to activate the enzyme guanylate cyclase. Guanylate cyclase causes activation of cGMP leading to both arterial and venous vasodilatation by de-phosphorylation of the myosin light chain.

Cyclandelate (BS 572), a direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant, is used to dilate blood vessels.

Phentolamine mesylate (Phentolamine methanesulfonate) is a nonselective alpha-adrenergic antagonist used to treat hypertension and hypertensive emergencies, pheochromocytoma, vasospasm of [RAYNAUD DISEASE] and frostbite, clonidine withdrawal syndrome, impotence, and peripheral vascular disease.

4-Vinylphenol is the metabolite of p-coumaric and ferulic acid by lactic acid bacteria in wine found in Hedyotis diffusa Willd. 4-Vinylphenol induces apoptosis in vivo.

Tolazoline (Benzalolin), a non-selective competitive α-adrenergic receptor antagonist, is used as a vasodilator to treat spasms of peripheral blood vessels. It has also been used successfully as an antidote to reverse the severe peripheral vasoconstriction as a result of overdose with certain 5-HT2A agonist drugs.

Paeoniflorin (Peoniflorin) is a herbal constituent extracted from the root of Paeonia albiflora Pall.

Xanthinol Nicotinate (Complamin) is a potent vasodilator that can easily enter the cell and causes an increase in glucose metabolism resulting in an increased energy.

4-Hydroxybenzyl alcohol (P-Methylolphenol) exhibits beneficial effects in cerebral ischemic injury, has neuroprotective effect through upregulation of Nrf2, Prdx6, and PDI expression via the PI3K/Akt pathway. 4-Hydroxybenzyl alcohol inhibit the development of new blood vessels by targeting multiple mechanisms of the angiogenic process, may as a promising candidate for the establishment of anti-angiogenic treatment strategies in cancer therapy.

Gadopentetate dimeglumine is used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to allow blood vessels, organs and other non-bone tissues to be visualized more clearly.Gadopentetate dimeglumine induces atrophy of spermatogonia.

Inositol nicotinate (Mesotal) has the effect of lowering cholesterol and expanding peripheral blood vessels for hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis.

1. Cinnamaldehyde (Cinnamic Aldehyde) has antipyretic activity. 2. Cinnamaldehyde is a sedative agent. 3. Cinnamaldehyde inhibits invasive capabilities of MDA-MB-435S cells was correlated with down-regulating the expression of miR-27a. 4. Cinnamaldehyde induces the generation of reactive oxygen species and exerts vasodilator and anticancer effects. 5. Cinnamaldehyde appears to be a promising candidate as an adjuvant in combination therapy with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and oxaliplatin (OXA), two chemotherapeutic agents used in CRC treatment. The possible mechanisms of its action may involve the regulation of drugmetabolizing genes. 6. Cinnamaldehyde plays a certain role in inhibiting the occurrence and progression of melanoma and its action mechanism may be manifested by inhibiting expression of VEGF and HIF-α, thus blood vessel simulation and formation of new blood vessels of melanoma cells, and growth of tumors accordingly.

Tetrahydrozoline (Tetryzoline), an alpha agonist, have an effect on the constriction of conjunctival blood vessels. This contributes to relieve the redness of the eye resulted from minor ocular irritants.

Dacarbazine citrate is an alkylating agent used to treat cancers of the lymphatic system and malignant melanoma (a type of skin cancer) in patients with certain conditions: islet cell carcinoma (part of the pancreas) Soft tissue sarcoma (cancer of muscles

Pinacidil (P 1134) is a guanidine that opens potassium channels and directly dilates peripheral blood vessels in small arteries, lowering blood pressure and peripheral resistance and producing fluid retention.

Verubulin (MPC 6827) is a potent microtubule blocker with cytotoxic and potentially anticancer activity that disrupts newly formed blood vessels in xenografts, and can be used to image microtubules (MTs) using positron emission tomography (PET).

Nicotinoyl cyclandelate can effectively reduce blood pressure in the femoral artery and perfusion pressure in cerebral blood vessels.

Phalloidin, a bicyclic heptapeptide found in Gooseberry, is involved in F-actin staining. Phalloidin is a compound that irreversibly polymerizes actin into microfilaments.Phalloidin interferes with cell motility and growth, and can be used to label cerebral blood vessels.

1,4-Dihydropyridine acts as an antagonist for calcium channels (calcium channel), specifically blocking the L-type calcium channels. This action reduces the influx of calcium ions into cardiac and vascular smooth muscle cells, consequently decreasing cardiac contractility and heart rate, dilating blood vessels, and lowering blood pressure.

Collagenase, Type VI (EC 3.4.24.3) is an enzyme specialized in degrading Type VI collagen, a component found in various tissues including skin, heart, blood vessels, cartilage, and the cell membranes in synovia. Excessive activity of this enzyme can lead to extracellular matrix disorders. Additionally, Collagenase, Type VI serves as a biomarker for tumor invasion and metastasis. It acts specifically on peptide bonds between proline and glycine. Exploiting this specificity, modified electrodes can be used to rapidly and sensitively detect its concentration levels in experiments.

Docosapentaenoic acid (C22:5), also called clupanodonic acid, is a polyunsaturated fatty acid. All-cis 4,7,10,13,16-DPA has important roles in neuroprotection, anti-cancer and anti-inflammation, including regulating blood lipids, softening blood vessels, lowering blood viscosity, improving vision, promoting growth and development, and boosting the body's immune function.