block

2,5-Furandicarboxylic acid (Dehydromucic Acid) is a normal urinary metabolite in humans. 2,5-Furandicarboxylic acid is also a microbial metabolite, a product of the oxidation of hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) by the enzyme furfural HMF oxidoreductase which is found in the bacterium Cupriavidus basilensis.

Salidroside is a bioactive phenolic glycoside compound isolated from Rhodiola rosea and is a prolyl endopeptidase inhibitor. Salidroside can alleviate cachexia symptoms in a tumor cachexia mouse model by activating mTOR signaling and protect dopaminergic neurons by enhancing PINK1 Parkin-mediated mitochondrial autophagy. Salidroside can also inhibit the growth of cancer cells by regulating the CDK4-cyclin D1 pathway to block the G1 phase and or regulating the Cdc2-cyclin B1 pathway to block the G2 phase.

Oxindole (Indolin-2-one) is an aromatic heterocyclic building block, and its 2-indolinone derivatives are lead compounds in kinase inhibitor research. The oxindole structure is utilized in receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitors, such as SU4984 and intedanib, making the RTK family a significant therapeutic target for anti-cancer drug development.

(-)-Epicatechin gallate ((-)-Epicatechin 3-O-gallate) is one of the catechin isomers and a potent antioxidant that can modulate a wide range of membrane proteins. Its bilayer-modifying potency was tested using gramicidin A (gA) channels as probes. All the catechins alter gA channel function and modify bilayer properties, with a 500-fold range in potency. The gallate group causes current block, as evident by brief downward current transitions.

L-Hydroxyproline (L-Hydroxyprolin) is one of the hydroxyproline (Hyp) isomers. L-Hydroxyproline is a useful chiral building block in the production of many pharmaceuticals.

Cinnamylideneacetic acid (Beta-Styrylacrylic acid) is used as Synthetic building block, anti-malarial agent.

1H-pyrazole (1,2-Diazole), is a versatile building block, with a vast applications in organic synthesis. The derivatives of Pyrazole are used in medicine, for their analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, antiarrhythmic, tranquilizing, muscle relaxing, psychoanaleptic, anticonvulsant, monoamineoxidase inhibiting, antidiabetic and antibacterial activities.

D-Lyxose (D-(-)-Lyxose) is used as a chiral building block.

4(3H)-Quinazolinone (4-Hydroxyquinazoline) is a chemically synthesized masonry block, a biologically active nitrogen heterocyclic compound. It possesses various biological properties such as antibacterial, antifungal, anticonvulsant, anti-inflammatory, anti-HIV, anticancer and pain relieving activities.

1. 6-Shogaol (6-Shogaol) has antipyretic and analgesic effects in addition to inhibitory effect on lipoxygenase activity. 2. 6-shogaol has anti-inflammatory property, reduces the inflammatory response and protected the femoral cartilage from damage produced in a CFA monoarthritic model of the knee joint of rats. 3. 6-Shogaol inhibits the growth of human cancer cells and induces apoptosis in COLO 25 cells through modulation of mitochondrial functions regulated by reactive oxygen species (ROS). 4. 6-Shogaol effectively inhibit invasion and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma through diverse molecular mechanisms, including inhibition of the MAPK and PI3k Akt pathways and NF-κB and STAT3 activities to suppress expression of MMP-2 -9 and uPA and block angiogenesis, could further regulate urokinase-type plasminogen activity.

1-Methyl-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylic acid (Nudifloric Acid) from Cordyceps bassiana targets to block AP-1-mediated luciferase activity, implying an anti-inflammatory function.

Paxilline is an indole alkaloid mycotoxin from *Penicillium paxilli*, acting as a potent BK channel inhibitor via an almost exclusively closed-channel block mechanism. Paxilline possesses significant anticonvulsant activity.

Isoguanine, a purine base and isomer of guanine, serves as a building block in organic synthesis.

1. Dihydrolycorine-HCL(DL) shows hypotensive effects, it can block alpha 1-adrenoceptors. 2. Dihydrolycorine is an inhibitors of protein synthesis in eukarytic cells, it halts protein synthesis in eukaryotic cells by inhibiting the peptide bone formation

Cytidine-5'-triphosphate (Cytidine triphosphate) is a compound widely found in living organisms that serves as an energy substance, as a building block for nucleotide and nucleic acid and lipid biosynthesis, and activates protein kinase reactions.

3-Oxopentanedioic acid (1,3-Acetonedicarboxylic acid) is a simple carboxylic acid, which may be used as a building block in organic chemistry. It has been found to be a microbial metabolite.

2,2':5',2''-Terthiophene (Trithiophene) (α-Terthiophene) is an oligomer of the heterocyclic compound thiophene, used as a building block for the organic semiconductor polythiophene.

Barlerin (8-O-Acetylshanzhiside methyl ester) has potential against cerebral ischemic injury, and its protective effect on oxygen-glucose deprivation-induced injury might be due to the suppression of intracellular Ca2+ elevation and caspase-3 activity, and improvement of mitochondrial energy metabolism.8-O-Acetylshanzhiside methylester can increase angiogenesis and improve functional recovery after stroke.8-O-Acetylshanzhiside methylester has protective effects on experimental myocardial ischemia injury, the effects might be due to block of myocardial inflammatory cascades through an HMGB1-dependent NF-κB signaling pathway.8-O-Acetylshanzhiside methylester protects diabetic brain against I R injury by alleviating diabetic cerebral I R injury and attenuating blood–brain barrier (BBB) breakdown, and its protective effects may involve HMGB-1 and NF-κB signalling pathway.

Dimethyl 4-hydroxyisophthalate (Dimetghyl 4-Hydroxyisophthalate) is a methyl salicylate analogue, used as a building block in the chemical synthesis.

Aspartic acid calcium (Calcium L-aspartate) is a chelate in which calcium is bonded to L-aspartic acid, an amino acid that acts as a building block for proteins in the body.

p-Hydroxyphenethyl anisate (4-Hydroxyphenethylanisate), a natural product from Notopterygium forbe-siiBoiss, is a novel polymeric sustained-release material that, after block copolymerization with AAPBA, produces nanoparticles with good pH sensitivity, glucose sensitivity, insulin loading rate, and stability.

Kahweol has anticarcinogenic, anti-angiogenic,and anti-inflammatory activities, it can block the LPS-induced activation of NF-kappaB by preventing IkappaB degradation and inhibiting IkappaB kinase activity.

2-Methoxystypandrone displays an immunomodulatory effect in a cellular model, it blocks inflammatory responses by impairing NF-κB signaling to limit the inflammation and oxidative stress for preservation of BBB integrity. 2-Methoxystypandrone concomitant

Neoechinulin A has anti-inflammatory effect against LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages through inhibition of the NF-κB and p38 MAPK pathways, it may block the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) molecule p38, apoptosis signal-regu