anti-mutagenic

Bilirubin (Principal bile pigment) is a type of bile pigment, which is a metabolite of hemoglobin in the blood. Bilirubin has antimutagenic and antioxidant effects. Bilirubin is an important basis for clinical determination of jaundice, and is also an important indicator of liver function.

p-Coumaric acid (para-Coumaric Acid) is the abundant isomer of cinnamic acid, with antitumor and anti-mutagenic activities.

Lupeol (Monogynol B) is a novel androgen receptor inhibitor with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity.

Gossypetin, a hexahydroxylated flavonoid extractable from Rhodiola rosea Linn. is a potent MKK3 and MKK6 inhibitor that strongly attenuates the MKK3 6-p38 signaling pathway.Gossypetin exhibits antimutagenic, antiatherosclerotic, antioxidant, as well as cytoprotective and antimicrobial effects.It inhibits bone resorption by downregulating lysosomal caspase K activity and inducing autophagy-associated proteins in actin ring osteoclasts. Gossypetin has anti-mutagenic, anti-atherosclerotic, anti-oxidant, cytoprotective and antibacterial effects, and it inhibits bone resorption by down-regulating lysosomal caspase K activity and by inducing autophagy-associated protein in actin ring osteoblasts.

Pinobanksin is a natural flavonoid that induces apoptosis in B-cell lymphoma cell lines and SH-SY5Y cells. It is a potent antioxidant that inhibits the peroxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and is able to occupy the catalytic center of xanthine oxidase (XO) and thus inhibit it. Pinobanksin also exhibits antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antiparasitic, anti-mutagenic, anti-proliferative, and anti-angiogenic effects.

Dictamine (Dectamine) shows anticholinesterase, anti-inflammatory, mutagenic, and has antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi. It has the ability to exert cytotoxicity in human cervix, colon, and oral carcinoma cells.