anti-inflammation

Citric acid trilithium salt tetrahydrate (Lithium citrate tribasic tetrahydrate) , the active component of Lithium, is a medicine used in the therapy of psychiatric disease. It has shown the effects of signaling pathways and metabolic in the brain based on the particular disease and clinical condition model. According to the reports, Citric acid trilithium salt tetrahydrate was used as a mood stabilizer when treating bipolar mood disorders (BD) and lower the risk of self-harm in BD patient. In addition,Citric acid trilithium salt tetrahydrate has been the choice drug in the therapy of acute manic episodes.Citric acid trilithium salt tetrahydrate also could dissolve uric acid crystals in urine achieved from patients with gout. Besides,Citric acid trilithium salt tetrahydrate have some dose-dependent side-effects. The the main side-effects of Lithium Citrate is the tendency to inhibit the prostatic acid phosphatase enzyme (PAP), which result in the accumulation of PAP.

Hydroxycitric acid tripotassium hydrate (Potassium citrate monohydrate) is the major active ingredient of Garcinia cambogia and a derivative of citric acid, which effectively inhibits stone formation and HIF, and has antioxidation, anti-inflammation, and anti-tumor effects. It also competitively inhibits ATP citrate lyase, offering weight loss benefits.

Esomeprazole is the S-isomer of omeprazole, inhibits the lysosomal cysteine protease legumain to prevent cancer metastasis. Esomeprazole is a proton pump inhibitors (PPI).

Genipin ((+)-Genipin), an active aglycone derived from an iridoid glycoside called geniposide, is found in the fruit of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis.

Esomeprazole Sodium ((S)-Omeprazole sodium) is the S-isomer of omeprazole with selective and irreversible proton pump inhibitor activity.Esomeprazole acts as an exosome inhibitor by blocking the exosome release via the inhibition of V-H+-ATPases

Muscone (3-Methylcyclopentadecanone) is an organic compound that is the primary contributor to the odor of musk.

Metoprolol Tartrate is a blocker of the cardioselective β-adrenergic receptor.

Calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside (calycosin-7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside) exhibits a protective effect on rat hepatocytes, inhibits COX-2 activity, has antimicrobial properties, and is a promising anti-HIV agent. Additionally, it demonstrates scavenging activity against DPPH radicals and superoxide anions, alleviates osteoarthritis, and increases brain cell membrane fluidity in ischemia-reperfusion rats.

Psoralidin inhibits Akt phosphorylation and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activation and transcriptionally. Psoralidin possesses anticancer and chemopreventive properties.

Pamapimod (R1503) (R-1503, Ro4402257) is a novel, selective inhibitor of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. It inhibits p38α and p38β enzymatic activity with IC₅₀ values of 0.014±0.002 and 0.48± 0.04 microM, respectively with no activity against p38delta or p38 gamma isoforms.

1. Pectolinarigenin (Pectolinaringenin) exhibits hepatoprotective activity mainly via SOD antioxidant mechanism. 2. Pectolinarigenin possesses anti-inflammatory activity and that they may inhibit eicosanoid formation in inflammatory lesions.

DPN (Diarylpropionitrile) is an selective agonist of estrogen receptor β (ERβ) .

Hexahydrofarnesyl acetone (Phytone) enhanced both the sticky materials production and cell growth, plays some role in the increase of sticky materials and cell growth.

Palvanil (Hexadecanamide) is a fast desensitizing agonist of TRPV1. it may be promising agents in the therapy of IBS since it modulates intestinal motility and reduces visceral pain.

Deoxylimonin (NSC 314317) is a triterpenoid isolated from grapefruit seeds.

Metoprolol succinate is a selective adrenergic beta-1 blocking agent that is commonly used to treat ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS.

Lycorine (Narcissine) inhibits protein synthesis and may inhibit ascorbic acid biosynthesis, although studies on the latter are controversial and inconclusive.

L-Mimosine (Leucenol) is an antineoplastic alanine-substituted pyridine derivative isolated from Leucena glauca and acts as an iron chelator.

48740 RP (RP 55779, (Rac)-RP-55778) belongs to synthetic compounds and is a platelet-activating factor (PAF) receptor antagonist with anti-inflammatory activity. This compound can be used in inflammation-related research, exerting its pharmacological effects through inhibition of the PAF/PAFR signaling pathway.

Dexamethasone is a glucocorticoid receptor agonist and IL receptor modulator with anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, and apoptosis-inducing activities. It inhibits the production of inflammatory miRNA-155 exosomes in macrophages, significantly reduces inflammatory cytokine expression in neutrophils and monocytes, suppresses LPS-induced macrophage inflammation, and induces autophagy. It is commonly used to induce animal models of depression, muscle atrophy, and hypertension, and holds potential in COVID-19 research.

LTB4-IN-1 (Anti-inflammatory agent 2, Compound 6) belongs to small molecule inhibitors and is a leukotriene B4 (LTB4) synthesis inhibitor (IC₅₀ = 70 nM) with good anti-inflammatory activity. This compound can be used in experimental research on inflammation-related diseases.

Oxazolone is a haptenating agent that can induce models of acute or chronic colitis and atopic dermatitis. It activates Th1/Th2 responses, leading to weight loss and diarrhea, and the resulting inflammation can be alleviated by anti-IL-4 antibodies, anti-TNF-α antibodies, or IL-13R2α-Fc fusion proteins. It is also suitable for studying gene expression related to inflammatory bowel disease in zebrafish.

MK-2894 is a prostaglandin receptor 4 antagonist.MK-2894 has anti-inflammatory activity and may be used in the study of inflammation.

PF-04447943 (Edelinontrine) is a potent and selective phosphodiesterase 9A inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 12 nM, which is 78-fold more selective than that used for other PDE family members (IC₅₀>1000 nM).PF-04447943 exhibits anti-inflammatory activity, attenuates inflammatory responses by inhibiting oxidative stress, inflammation, and modulating T-cell polarization, and may be useful for research on sickle cell anemia.