androgen receptor[1].

Proxalutamide is a potent antagonist of the androgen receptor (AR).

Androgen receptor antagonist 1 is an orally available full antagonist of the androgen receptor (AR), with an IC50 value of 59 nM, demonstrating high potency against AR signaling. Androgen receptor antagonist 1 can further be employed in the synthesis of PROTAC AR degraders, which induce targeted protein degradation, achieving 24% and 47% AR protein reduction in LNCaP cells at concentrations of 1 μM and 10 μM, respectively, thereby offering significant utility in prostate cancer research.

Androgen receptorligand 1 is a ligand for the androgen receptor (AR). It interacts with the CRBN E3 ligase via a linker to form an AR-PROTAC degrader. This compound is useful in prostate cancer research.

Androgen Receptor Degrader-1 (Compound 18) is a potent agent for androgen receptor degradation, applicable in cancer research [1].

Enzalutamide (MDV3100) is an androgen receptor (AR) antagonist (IC50=36 nM in LNCaP) that activates autophagy, exhibits antitumor activity, and is commonly used in treating desmoplasia-resistant prostate cancer.

CSRM617 hydrochloride is a selective small-molecule inhibitor of the transcription factor ONECUT2 (OC2, a master regulator of androgen receptor), with a Kd of 7.43 µM in SPR assays, directly binding to the OC2-HOX domain. CSRM617 hydrochloride induces apoptosis through the appearance of cleaved Caspase-3 and PARP and is well tolerated in the mouse model of prostate cancer [1].

ONC1-13B is a potent androgen receptor (AR) antagonist with an ic50 in the range of 59-80 nM that inhibits PSA production in androgen-sensitive human PCa LNCaP cells.

Prochloraz (Prelude) is a broad-spectrum contact imidazole fungicide. Prochloraz inhibits human placental microsomal aromatase in vitro (IC50 = 40 nM). Prochloraz also acts as an estrogen receptor (IC50s = 25 μM) and androgen receptor (IC50 = 4 μM) antagonist, and activates aryl hydrocarbon receptors (EC50 = 1 μM).

S-23 ((S)-3-(4-chloro-3-fluorophenoxy)-N-(4-cyano-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamide) is an oral selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) with a Ki of 1.7 nM. S-23 increases prostate, seminal vesicle, and levator ani muscle weights in castrated rats.

AMI-1 free acid is a potent, cell-permeable, and reversible inhibitor of protein arginine N-methyltransferases (PRMTs), with inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) values of 8.8 μM for human PRMT1 and 3.0 μM for yeast-Hmt1p. It achieves its PRMTs inhibitory activity by obstructing peptide-substrate binding [1].

AR antagonist 1 is a potent antagonist of the androgen receptor. It binds to E3 ligase ligands with weak binding affinities to VHL protein in the synthesis of PROTAC ARD-266.

Leelamine hydrochloride, a tricyclic diterpene extracted from pine tree bark, inhibits the transcriptional activity of the androgen receptor, known to regulate fatty acid synthesis [2,3]. This compound acts as a cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) agonist and suppresses SREBP1-regulated fatty acid/lipid synthesis in prostate cancer cells, irrespective of androgen receptor status.

UT-34 is a selective and orally active antagonist of second-generation pan-androgen receptor (AR) and degrader(IC50s of 211.7 nM, 262.4 nM and 215.7 nM for wild-type, F876L and W741L AR, respectively), and has anti-prostate cancer efficacy.

VHL Ligand 8, a VHL ligand essential for synthesizing ARD-266, acts as a highly potent VHL E3 ligase-based androgen receptor (AR) PROTAC degrader. It efficiently facilitates the degradation of AR protein in AR-positive prostate cancer cell lines LNCaP, VCaP, and 22Rv1, exhibiting DC50 values ranging from 0.2-1 nM [1].

ARCC-4 is an enzalutamide-based von Hippel-Lindau (VHL)-recruiting AR PROTAC and outperforms enzalutamide and it is a low-nanomolar androgen receptor (AR) degrader based on PROTAC, with a DC50 of 5 nM. ARCC-4 effectively degrades clinically relevant AR mutants associated with antiandrogen therapy[1].

Ligandrol is a novel nonsteroidal, oral SARM that binds to the androgen receptor with high affinity (Ki: 1 nM) and selectivity.

Boc-Pip-alkyne-Ph-COOH, a PROTAC linker characterized by its alkyl/ether composition, plays a crucial role in synthesizing PROTACs including ARD-266. This compound demonstrates significant efficacy in promoting the degradation of androgen receptor (AR) protein across AR-positive prostate cancer cell lines such as LNCaP, VCaP, and 22Rv1, showcasing DC50 values ranging from 0.2-1 nM[1].

cIAP1 ligand 1 (E3 ligase Ligand 12) is an apoptotic protein ligand based on the LCL161 derivative that recruits IAP ubiquitin ligases to degrade target proteins, and can be used in conjunction with androgen receptor ligands for the development of protein degradation agents that can be used in the study of prostate cancer.

VHL Ligand-Linker Conjugates 17 are chemical compounds that consist of a VHL ligand specialized for the E3 ubiquitin ligase, as well as a PROTAC linker. These conjugates are utilized in the synthesis of various PROTACs, including the notable ARD-266. ARD-266 is an exceptionally effective androgen receptor (AR) PROTAC degrader[1].

Dihydrotestosterone-KLH is a hapten-carrier protein conjugate formed by coupling Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). As a hapten, Diethylstilbestrol alone cannot induce an immune response and must be conjugated to a large molecular protein to become a complete antigen with immunogenicity. Dihydrotestosterone-KLH may be supplied as a lyophilized powder or as a solution. The solution is prepared in 0.01 M TBS (pH 7.4) buffer at a typical concentration of 1 mg/mL.

YT 6-2 analog-1 (compound 2-3) serves as an autophagy-targeting ligand (ATL) aimed at p62 SQSTM1, useful in synthesizing the AUTOTAC degrader ATC-324 for the Androgen Receptor (AR). ATC-324 promotes the formation of AR p62 complexes, leading to the autophagic-lysosomal degradation of AR. It effectively reduces nuclear AR levels, downregulates the expression of AR and AR-v7 target genes, and can degrade common AR mutants found in prostate cancer (PCa).

AC-262536 is a selective androgen receptor (SAR) modulator. It has partial agonist activity with respect to testosterone and suppresses luteinizing hormone.

AAA is an antagonist of G protein-coupled receptor 75 (GPR75).1It increases basal GPR75 protein levels and inhibits 20-HETE-induced reductions in GPR75 protein levels in PC3 cells. AAA (5 and 10 μM) also reduces 20-HETE-induced phosphorylation of EGFR, NF-κB, and Akt in, and cell migration of, PC3 cells.In vivo, AAA (10 mg/kg per day) reduces systolic blood pressure, albuminuria, renal angiotensin II levels, and cardiac hypertrophy in a Cyp1a1-Ren-2 transgenic rat model of malignant hypertension when administered prior to induction or after establishment of hypertension.2 1.Cárdenas, S., Colombero, C., Panelo, L., et al.GPR75 receptor mediates 20-HETE-signaling and metastatic features of androgen-insensitive prostate cancer cellsBiochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. Cell Biol. Lipids1865(2)158573(2020) 2.Sedláková, L., Kikerlová, S., Husková, Z., et al.20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid antagonist attenuates the development of malignant hypertension and reverses it once established: a study in Cyp1a1-Ren-2 transgenic ratsBiosci. Rep.38(5)BSR20171496(2018)

When administered intratumorally, AR antagonist 3 shows effective inhibition on the growth of tumor. AR antagonist 3 is a potent and selective antagonist of androgen receptor (AR) with an IC 50 of 0.47 μM. AR antagonist 3 dose-dependently decrease the FRET signal with an IC50 of 18.05 μM [1].