amyloid

Direct Red 80 (Sirius Red), a tetra azo dye, is used to detect amyloid and enhance the birefringence of collagen fibers in tissue sections.

5-FAM-β-Amyloid (1-28) is a peptide labeled with a fluorescent probe, representing the initial 28 amino acids of the β-Amyloid protein.

FITC-β-Ala-β-Amyloid (25-35) is a FITC-labeled fluorescent compound employed in Alzheimer's disease research [1].

5-TAMRA-Amyloid β-Protein (1-40) is a TAMRA-labeled variant of Amyloid β-Protein (1-40) with an absorption emission spectrum of 544 572 nm [1].

Congo Red (Direct Red 28) is an azo dye. It binding been used as a diagnostic test for the presence of amyloid in tissue sections.

Thioflavin T (Basic Yellow 1) is a widely used dye for visualizing and is a cationic Benzothiazole dye that shows enhanced fluorescence upon binding to amyloid in tissue sections.

Hoechst 34580 (HOE 34580), a cell-permeable fluorescent dye, is used for staining DNA and nuclei.

Hoechst 34580 xHCl(23555-00-2(free base) is a cell-permeable fluorescent dye, is used for staining DNA and nuclei.

Hoechst 34580 tetrahydrochloride, a cell-permeable fluorescent dye, is used for staining DNA and nuclei.

K114 binds tightly to amyloid fibrils (EC50: 20-30 nM). K114 is an efficient detector of semen-derived enhancer of virus infection (SEVI).

F-SLOH is a near-infrared fluorescent probe (NIRF). In the brains of 5XFAD and 3XTg-AD mice, F-SLOH significantly reduces the levels of Aβ oligomers, Tau aggregates and plaques, as well as amyloid precursor protein (APP) and its metabolites, via the autophagic-lysosomal degradation pathway (ALP). Additionally, F-SLOH diminishes astrocyte activation and microglial proliferation, effectively alleviating neuroinflammation. It also mitigates hyperphosphorylated Tau protein aggregates, improves synaptic defects, enhances synaptic memory function, and ameliorates cognitive impairment in AD model mice.

PE 154 is a potent fluorescent inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) with IC50s of 280 pM and 16 nM respectively. PE 154 is commonly used to label β-amyloid plaques in histochemical analysis.

FSB is a highly fluorescent amyloid-specific dye.

X-34 is a highly fluorescent amyloid-specific dye, exhibiting inclusion bodies that were amyloid-like aggregates by virtue of their staining.

NIAD-4 is a fluorescent probe that crosses the blood-brain barrier to bind with high affinity to amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques (Ki = 10 nM). It displays excitation emission spectra of 475 625 nm, respectively, with the far-red emission occurring upon binding to Aβ.

DCVJ (9-(2,2-Dicyanovinyl)julolidine) is a fluorescent dye showing high sensitivity to lag phase early amyloid β-peptide, and it is an identification of α-syn production.

N-methyl Mesoporphyrin IX is a widely used G-quadruplex DNA-specific fluorescent binder that effectively monitors Aβ fibrillation. N-methyl Mesoporphyrin IX is sensitive to G-quadruplex DNA and unreactive to duplex, triplex, and single-stranded forms of DNA. N-methyl Mesoporphyrin IX needs to stack with Aβ assemblies to emit strong fluorescence. Meanwhile N-methyl Mesoporphyrin IX is an in situ inhibitor and ex situ monitor of Aβ amyloid production in vitro and intracellularly.

Leucomethylene blue mesylate (TRx0237 mesylate) is a second-generation tau protein aggregation inhibitor for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia.

BSB ((trans,trans)-1-Bromo-2,5-bis-(3-hydroxycarbonyl-4-hydroxy)styrylbenzene) is a Congo red-derived fluorescent probe, an amyloid protein imaging agent, capable of interacting with amyloid fibrils formed by rat Aβ (1-40) peptide and selectively binding to compact plaques formed by prion proteins (PrP), used in studying neurodegenerative diseases.

DCDAPH (Compound 2c), a novel smart near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) probe, efficiently detects β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques with an excitation emission wavelength (λ ex λ em) of 597 665 nm in PBS. It demonstrates high affinity for Aβ aggregates, exhibiting a dissociation constant (Kd) of 27 nM and an inhibition constant (Ki) of 37 nM. Furthermore, DCDAPH exhibits favorable blood-brain barrier permeability, qualifying it as a suitable agent for both in vitro and in vivo detection of Aβ plaques [1].

Evuzamitide is a diagnostic imaging agent that functions as a pan-amyloid radiotracer, binding to amyloid deposits from multiple amyloidogenic proteins. It is used in the research of early diagnosis and monitoring of amyloid cardiomyopathy (CMP) [1] [2].

Mca-SEVNLDAEFK(Dnp) is a peptide FRET substrate for Beta-secretase 1 (BACE-1), featuring the 'Swedish' Lys-Met Asn-Leu mutation at the β-secretase cleavage site of the amyloid precursor protein (APP). Cleavage at the -Leu-Asp- site of Mca-SEVNLDAEFK(Dnp) releases the highly fluorescent 7-methoxycoumarin (Mca) fragment, which is freed from the quenching effect of the 2,4-dinitrophenyl (Dnp) internal quencher, leading to a significantly increased fluorescence intensity that is easily detectable.