ammonia

DL-Glutamine (2-amino-4-carbamoylbutanoic acid), a non-essential amino acid, exists abundantly throughout the body and is participated in many metabolic processes. It is synthesized from glutamic acid and ammonia, and is the main carrier of nitrogen in the body and is an important energy source for many cells.

L-Glutamine (L-Glutamic acid 5-amide), a non-essential amino acid, is synthesized from glutamic acid and ammonia.

Allylthiourea (Thiosinamine), a metabolic inhibitor, specifically suppresses ammonia oxidation.

L-Ornithine ((S)-2,5-Diaminopentanoic acid) exhibits an anti-fatigue function by promoting ammonia excretion and enhancing energy consumption efficiency.

Urea (Carbonyldiamide) is formed in the liver from ammonia produced by the deamination of amino acids. It is the principal end metabolite of protein catabolism and accounts for about one-half of the total urinary solids.

L-Ornithine L-aspartate (Ornithine Aspartate) lowers blood ammonia concentration and to eliminate symptoms of hepatic encephalopathy associated with liver cirrhosis.

L-Ornithine hydrochloride ((S)-2,5-Diaminopentanoic acid) has an antifatigue effect by increasing the efficiency of energy consumption and promoting the excretion of ammonia. It is one of the key reactants in the urea cycle.

Histidine (abbreviated as His or H) is an alpha-amino acid. The L-isomer is one of the 22 proteinogenic amino acids, i.e., the building blocks of proteins. It is classified as a charged, polar because of the hydrophilic nature of the imidazole side chain.

N-Acetyl-L-glutamic acid (Ac-L-Glu-OH) (NAcGlu) is an acetylated amino acid. NAcGlu is biosynthesized from glutamic acid and acetyl-CoA by the enzyme N-acetyl glutamate synthase (NAGS). NAcGlu activates carbamoyl phosphate synthetase in the urea cycle. A deficiency in N-acetyl glutamate synthase or a genetic mutation in the gene coding for the enzyme will lead to urea cycle failure in which ammonia is not converted to urea, but rather accumulated in the blood leading to the condition called Type I hyperammonemia.

Carglumic Acid (Ureidoglutaric acid) is an orphan drug used to treat hyperammonemia in patients with N-acetyl glutamate synthase absence. This rare hereditary disease results in elevated blood levels of ammonia, which can eventually cross the blood-brain barrier and lead to neurologic problems, coma, cerebral edema, and death. Carglumic acid was approved by the U.S. FDA on 18 March 2010.

Glycerol phenylbutyrate (HPN-100) (GPB) is a new generation ammonia scavenger drug and it also is a sigma-2 (σ2) receptor ligand (pKi: 8.02).

NAD Synthetase is responsible for the final step in the synthesis of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD). The enzyme sourced from Escherichia coli exhibits Km values of 200 μM for NAD, 11 μM for ATP, and 0.65 μM for ammonia. Conversely, NAD Synthetase derived from yeast demonstrates Km values of 170 μM for NAD, 190 μM for ATP, and 64 μM for ammonia. This enzyme is applicable in enzymatic assays for ATP, ammonia, urea, or creatinine and can also be used in enzymatic recycling methods. Additionally, NAD Synthetase holds potential for research into metabolic diseases, cancer, aging, and neurodegenerative disorders.

Arginine glutamate is an agent of ammonia Detoxicant.

L-Asparagine (Asparamide) is a non-essential amino acid that is involved in the metabolic control of cell functions in nerve and brain tissue. It is biosynthesized from ASPARTIC ACID and AMMONIA by asparagine synthetase.

Benurestat (EU-2826) is a urease inhibitor.

5'-O-DMT-PAC-dA can be used in the synthesis of oligoribonucleotides[1]. [1]. Schulhof JC, et, al. The final deprotection step in oligonucleotide synthesis is reduced to a mild and rapid ammonia treatment by using labile base-protecting groups. Nucleic Acids Res. 1987 Jan 26;15(2):397-416.

2,5-Deoxyfructosazine is a pyrazine derivative found in cured tobacco and used as a flavoring agent in the food and tobacco industry. It can be produced via pyrolytic decomposition of natural compounds or through the reaction of sugars with alcoholic ammonia. Additionally, it forms from the breakdown of D-glucosamine at neutral pH. Similar to glucosamine, 2,5-deoxyfructosazine exhibits DNA strand breakage activity and strongly inhibits IL-2 production by Jurkat cells stimulated with phytohemagglutinin (IC50 = ~1.25 mM).

L-2-Aminooxy-3-phenylpropanoic acid is a potent inhibitor of the enzyme [L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase].

L-2-Aminooxy-3-phenylpropanoic acid hydrobromide is a potent inhibitor of L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, an enzyme catalyzing the conversion of L-phenylalanine to trans-cinnamic acid.

Lubabegron, also known as LY591281; LY488756 fumarate, is a veterinary drug used to reduce ammonia emissions from animals and their waste. Ammonia emissions are a concern in agricultural production because of detrimental effects on the environment, human health, and animal health. Lubabegron was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in 2018 for use in feedlot cattle. Lubabegron is a beta-adrenergic receptor agonist that has the effect of increasing the breakdown of fats and increasing energy expenditure in cells.

CGP-78608 is a glycine site-specific N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist prevents activation of the NMDA NO CGMP pathway by ammonia.

Triammonium citrate, also known as citric acid triammonium, results from the reaction between citric acid and ammonia at a 1:3 molar ratio. This compound serves as a carbon source for the synthesis of carbon quantum dots (CDs). The presence of higher nitrogen content in triammonium citrate may enhance nitrogen-based functional groups in CDs, thereby improving emission-color tunability [1] [2].

Tryptophanase, a bacterial enzyme, catalyzes the degradation of tryptophan into indole, pyruvate, and ammonia [1].

Glutamate dehydrogenase, an enzyme found in prokaryotes and eukaryotic mitochondria, facilitates the enzymatic determination of ammonia, alpha-ketoglutaric acid, L-glutamate, and urease [1].