adenine phosphoribosyltransferase

Adenine is a purine-derived nucleobase and one of the four bases of DNA. It is an important chemical component of both DNA and RNA, involved in cellular respiration, the formation of ATP and coenzymes NAD and FAD, as well as protein synthesis. Adenine is commonly used to induce chronic kidney injury models.

9-Ethyladenine (6-Amino-9-ethylpurine) is a partially potent APRT (adenine phosphoribosyltransferase) inhibitor [1].

5'-Guanylic acid (5'-guanosine monophosphate) is implicated in several metabolic disorders, including the AICA-ribosiduria pathway, adenosine deaminase deficiency, adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency (APRT), and the 2-hydroxyglutric aciduria pathway.

5'-Guanylic acid disodium salt (GMP-5) is a purine ribonucleoside monophosphate. L-Glutamic acid and guanosine monophosphate are biosynthesized from xanthylic acid and L-glutamine via GMP synthase [glutamine-hydrolyzing]. Guanosine triphosphate and guanosine monophosphate are biosynthesized from diguanosine tetraphosphate via bis(5'-nucleosyl)-tetraphosphatase [asymmetrical]. In humans, guanosine monophosphate is involved in the kanamycin, telithromycin, tobramycin, and erythromycin action pathways, and several metabolic disorders including AICA-ribosiduria, adenosine deaminase deficiency, adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency (aprt), and 2-hydroxyglutric aciduria (D and L form) pathways. Guanosine monophosphate is also found in foods like onion-family vegetables, millet, Chinese water chestnut, and red rice, serving as a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods.

Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate pentasodium is the sodium salt form of PRPP. PRPP is a phosphoribosyl donor for AMP and GMP synthesis in reactions catalysed by adenine phosphoribosyltransferase and hypoxanthine/guanine phosphoribosyltransferase. PRPP is synthesized from ribose-5-phosphate and ATP by PRPP synthetase (EC 2.7.6.1).

2,8-Dihydroxyadenine, an endogenous metabolite, induces urinary crystals and nephrolithiasis and serves as a diagnostic tool for detecting adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT) deficiency.