activates mapk pathways

Vacquinol-1 is an MKK4 activator, which rapidly and selectively induces glioma cell death.

Chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) is an oligomer of β-(1→4)-linked D-glucosamine that activates AMPK while inhibiting inflammatory signaling pathways, including NF-κB and MAPK.

Amiodarone hydrochloride is an anti-anginal agent and a class III antiarrhythmic drug that inhibits potassium channels (including wild-type hERG channels and their tail currents, with an IC₅₀ of approximately 45 nM) as well as voltage-gated sodium channels. This leads to prolonged action potential duration in ventricular and atrial myocytes, resulting in reduced heart rate and vascular resistance. It activates ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK signaling pathways in fibroblasts, promoting cell proliferation and myofibroblast differentiation. Amiodarone hydrochloride is widely used in the study of supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias and can also be used to establish pulmonary fibrosis animal models.

3'-Hydroxypterostilbene (3'-HPT), a natural pterostilbene analogue, effectively inhibits the growth of human colon cancer cells with IC50s of 9.0, 40.2, and 70.9 μM for COLO 205, HCT-116, and HT-29 cells, respectively, by inducing apoptosis and autophagy. 3'-Hydroxypterostilbene inhibits the p38MAPK , and PI3K/Akt/mTOR/p70S6K pathways and activates the ERK1/2, JNK1/2 MAPK pathways[1].

CP-380736 (PF-00520893) is an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor. EGFR is a tyrosine kinase that activates MAPK, JNK, and Akt pathways, and is an important mediator of several types of cancer.

Hellebrigenin, as a selective inhibitor of MAPK signaling pathways (ERK, p38, JNK) and XIAP, effectively suppresses Akt expression and phosphorylation. This compound activates endogenous apoptosis pathways (including mitochondrial membrane potential disruption, Caspase family activation, and PARP cleavage) while modulating apoptosis-related protein expression. Hellebrigenin also induces DNA double-strand breaks to activate the ATM pathway, inhibiting tumor cell proliferation and clonogenesis, primarily applied in research of oral squamous cell carcinoma and liver cancer.