R18 TFA

R18 TFA, a peptide antagonist of 14-3-3, exhibits a dissociation constant (K_D) of 70-90 nM. It efficiently inhibits the interaction between 14-3-3 and its physiological ligand, the kinase Raf-1, thereby significantly impeding the protective effect of 14-3-3 on Raf-1 against phosphatase-induced deactivation [1].

R 715, a bradykinin B1 receptor antagonist, inhibits contractions in isolated human umbilical cords that express bradykinin B1 receptors (pA2 = 8.49). When administered at doses of 200, 400, and 600 µg/kg, R 715 enhances latency to tail withdrawal in the tail-flick test for diabetic neuropathy mouse models induced by streptozotocin (STZ), signaling potential analgesic properties. Furthermore, at a 1 mg/kg per day dosage, it mitigates symptoms in a mouse model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) induced by MOG35-55 antigen peptide, such as reducing hind limb weakness and paralysis, improving gait symmetry, and decreasing spinal inflammation, neuron demyelination, and lesion monocyte invasion. Additionally, R 715 at 0.01 nmol/animal, administered intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.), lowers mean arterial blood pressure and increases heart rate in spontaneously hypertensive rats, indicating cardiovascular effects.

LL-37 (18-37), an antimicrobial peptide fragment of LL-37, exhibits activity against S. aureus and C. albicans, with minimum lethal concentrations of 4 µM and 10 µM, respectively. Additionally, it inhibits E. histolytica trophozoites growth at concentrations between 10 to 50 µM.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) (18-39), human TFA (CLIP human TFA) is a corticotropinlike intermediate lobe peptide, it is is produced in the melanotrophs of the intermediate lobe of the pituitary.