1. Raspberry ketone (p-Hydroxybenzyl acetone) is cytotoxic to melanocytes through the binding of RK-derived quinones to thiol proteins and the pro-oxidant activity of the RK-oligomer, the exposure of human skin to RK can cause chemical occupational leukoderma. 2. Raspberry ketone is marketed on the Internet as a food supplement.

3-Oxotirucalla-7,24-dien-21-oic acid, the first known compound isolated from Polygonum spp., can also be obtained from the roots of Black Cohosh. This compound demonstrated potent cytotoxicity against MCF-7 cell lines.

Alcesefoliside has statistically significant cytoprotective activity similar to that of silymarin, tested at 60 ug mL.

Suavioside A tastes sweet, it could be used as a sweetener.

Fupenzic acid shows a significant decrease in intracellular melanin content in B16-F10 cells, and in culture media melanin.