Propidium Iodide (PI) is a red fluorescent dye utilized for cell staining and is suitable for fluorescence microscopy, confocal microscopy, flow cytometry, and fluorometer analysis. In aqueous solution, the Ex/Em of PI is 493/636 nm. Upon binding with nucleic acid, the Ex/Em shifts to 535/617 nm, enhancing the fluorescence signal 20-30 times.
5-ROX (5-Carboxy-X-rhodamine), a rhodamine dye, exhibits strong fluorescence in aqueous buffer with an excitation wavelength (λexit) of 580 nm (ε = 3.6×10^4 (M·cm)) and an emission wavelength (λemit) of 604 nm (ϕ = 0.94).
2-Di-1-ASP is a mono-stryryl dye and widely used as mitochondrial stain and groove-binding fluorescent probes for double-stranded DNA. It has selective for G-quadruplex (G4) and double-stranded DNA.
Dihydrofluorescein diacetate (Diacetyldihydrofluorescein) is a fluorescent probe for measuring oxidative stress in cell-free systems and cellular models.
Cyamine3.5 NHS ester is a squaraine dye utilized in the development of fluorescent probes and biological labeling, characterized by its intermediate wavelength fluorescence emission properties. Specially designed for reactions with amino groups to form stable covalent bonds, it is ideal for labeling biomolecules. Ex Em(nm)=591 604.
BDP 581 591 amine hydrochloride, a BODIPY dye linker, is a universal, photostable fluorophore. The amine group addition enables the compound to react with carboxylic acids, activated NHS esters, and other carbonyl groups [1].
BODIPY-581 591 NHS ester, a vivid red fluorescent dye (excitation: 581 nm; emission: 591 nm), is noted for its hydrophobic qualities ideal for labeling lipids, membranes, and other lipophilic substances [1].
BDP 581 591 maleimide, a linker of the BDP 581 591 dye, has a long fluorescence lifetime and is used for fluorescence polarization assays. The maleimide group reacts with thiol groups to form thioester bonds between pH 6.5 and 7.5, enabling the labeling of sulfhydryl groups of proteins and peptides.
BDP 581 591 NHS ester, a borondipyrromethene dye (Ex=585 nm, Em=594 nm), exhibits a relatively long fluorescence lifetime and significant two-photon excitation cross-section. This compound is applicable in fluorescence polarization analysis, interacts with reactive oxygen species (ROS) to modify fluorescence, and, as an NHS ester derivative, binds to the primary and secondary amine groups of proteins, peptides, and various molecules. Storage instructions highlight the importance of protecting it from light.
BDP 581 591 alkyne, a moderately hydrophobic borondipyrromethene fluorophore, is designed for specialized applications requiring specific fluorescent properties.
FM 2-10, a fluorescent dye and a less hydrophobic version of FM 1-43, is used for identifying actively firing neurons and investigating the mechanisms of activity-dependent vesicle cycling [1].
TAMRA hydrazide (6-isomer) is a xanthene red fluorophore and click chemistry reagent designed for labeling carbonyl compounds, including aldehydes and ketones, by coupling its hydrazide group to the target carbonyl and incorporating the fluorescent TAMRA label via reactions with terminal alkynes [1].
BDP 581 591 carboxylic acid, a highly photostable fluorescent dye (Ex=585 nm, Em=594 nm), possesses a free carboxylic acid group. This group can undergo catalysis by agents (such as EDC or HATU) to form stable amide bonds with primary amines. The compound is also utilized for ROS detection.
4-Di-2-ASP, a styryl pyridinium fluorescent dye, serves as an essential mitochondrial marker. It effectively and specifically labels pulmonary NEBs (neuroepithelial bodies) [1].
BDP 581 591 azide, an azide derivative of the universal, photostable fluorophore BDP 581 591, can be used for conjugation with small molecules and biomolecules to construct tracers for fluorescence polarization assays and microscopy probes [1].
Ethidium monoazide bromide, a fluorescent dye that intercalates with DNA, selectively penetrates bacteria possessing compromised membranes. Upon photoactivation, it forms covalent bonds with DNA, enabling it to exclusively stain dead cells [1].