Naphthoresorcinol (1,3-Dihydroxynaphthalene) is a fluorescent dye with an excitation wavelength (λex) of 330 nm and an emission wavelength (λem) of 380 nm.

Pyrene is a carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and a sensitive blue fluorescent group with an excitation wavelength of 338 nm and an emission wavelength of 375 nm. It can be used to detect protein-lipid interactions and conformational changes and also serves as an electron donor material.

NIR-βgal-2, a highly sensitive β-galactosidase-activated near-infrared fluorescent probe, facilitates the visualization of β-galactosidase in breast cancer [1].

Diphenyl-1-pyrenylphosphine （DPPP） is a probe (Ex/Em=351/380 nm) that undergoes a stoichiometric reaction with hydrogen peroxide to generate the fluorescent molecule DPPP-o. It is commonly employed for detecting lipid hydrogen peroxide levels and cellular oxidation.

7-(2,4-Dinitrophenoxy)-4-methyl-2H-chromen-2-one (Compound 1) serves as a fluorescent probe for detecting hydrogen sulfide (H2S). It is characterized by a low detection limit (4×10^-6 mol/L), high selectivity, and great sensitivity. At a concentration of 150 µg/mL, it exhibits negligible cytotoxicity. The excitation wavelength is 331 nm, while in DMSO solvent, it emits at approximately 385 nm; upon addition of HS-, the fluorescence intensity significantly increases around 392 nm.