ulcer

Troxipide (Aplace), a new-type systemic non-antisecretory gastric cytoprotective agent, which is mucus-secreting, anti-ulcer, and anti-inflammatory properties irrespective of pH of stomach or duodenum.

HPi1 is a selective and orally active antimicrobial against Helicobacter pylori (IC50: 0.24 μM and a MIC of 0.08-0.16 μg/mL). HPi1 is inactive against other Xaliproden, including the gut commensals, Lactobacillus reuteri, Lactobacillus casei, and Bifidoba

Isopropamide iodide is a long-acting anticholinergic drug used for peptic ulcers and other gastrointestinal disorders, and as a muscarinic receptor antagonist for diseases affecting cognition [including Alzheimer's disease].

Vonoprazan (TAK-438 (free base)) is an orally active potassium-competitive acid blocker.Vonoprazan can be used for the treatment of gastroduodenal ulcer and reflux esophagitis

Pantoprazole Sodium Hydrate (BY1023 (sodium hydrate)) is a proton pump inhibitor drug, used for short-term treatment of erosion and ulceration of the esophagus caused by gastroesophageal reflux disease.

Rebamipide (OPC12759) is a quinolinone derivative with anti-ulcer and anti-inflammatory activities. Rebamipide induces cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) synthesis which results in an increase in endogenous prostaglandin synthesis in the gastric mucosa. This agent also inhibits H. pylori-induced production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha and subsequent inflammation of the gastric mucosa. In addition, rebamipide scavenges oxygen-derived free radicals that potentially cause mucosal injury, and stimulates prostaglandin EP4 receptor gene expression followed by mucous secretion, thereby enhancing the gastric mucosal defense.

Pantoprazole (BY1023) is a proton pump inhibitor used for short-term treatment of erosion and ulceration of the esophagus caused by gastroesophageal reflux disease.

Pantoprazole sodium (Pantecta) is the sodium salt form of a substituted benzimidazole with proton pump inhibitor activity. Pantoprazole sodium is a lipophilic, weak base that crosses the parietal cell membrane and enters the acidic parietal cell canaliculus where it becomes protonated, producing the active metabolite sulfenamide, which forms an irreversible covalent bond with two sites of the H+/K+-ATPase enzyme located on the gastric parietal cell, thereby inhibiting both basal and stimulated gastric acid production.

Cetraxate hydrochloride (DV10062) is an oral gastrointestinal medication. It has a cytoprotective effect.

Oxethazaine (Oxetacaine), a topical anesthetic, is used to prevent acid-induced esophageal pain.

Roxatidine Acetate hydrochloride (HOE 760) is a specific and competitive histamin H2-receptor antagonist. It inhibits gastric acid secretion and ulcer formation.

Linaprazan glurate inhibits both exogenously and endogenously stimulated gastric acid secretion and can be utilized in studies on gastrointestinal inflammatory diseases and peptic ulcer diseases.

Cyclic somatostatin (SRIF-14) is a cyclic tetradecapeptide that regulates various endocrine and nervous system functions.

Antiulcer Agent 1 is an orally administered derivative of 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethylamine.

Antiulcer Agent 2, a tetrapeptide comprising aspartic acid, alanine, histidine, and lysine, localizes at the N-terminal of human albumin. This compound shows promise in treating ulcers and producing active oxygen [1] [2].

Palmatine chloride an isoquinoline alkaloid, is an important medicinal herbal extract with diverse pharmacological and biological properties.

Pentoxifylline (PTX) modulates immunologic activity by stimulating cytokine production. Pentoxifylline is a methylxanthine derivative that inhibits phosphodiesterase and affects blood rheology. It also inhibits platelet aggregation and improves blood flow by increasing erythrocyte and leukocyte flexibility.

Carbenoxolone disodium (Duogastrone) salt is an agent derived from licorice root. It is used for the treatment of digestive tract ulcers, especially in the stomach. Antidiuretic side effects are frequent, but otherwise, the drug is low in toxicity.

Metyrosine (α-Methyltyrosine) is an antihypertensive drug and could be used as a tyrosine hydroxylase inhibitor.Metyrosine significantly inhibits high COX-2 activity. Metyrosine is a very effective agent for blood pressure control.

Pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate ammonium (1-Pyrrolidinedithiocarboxylic acid ammonium salt), a selective NF-κB inhibitor, inhibits translation of nitric oxide synthase mRNA to prevent induction.

Hydrocortisone hemisuccinate (hydrocortisone 21-hemisuccinate*free acid) is a corticosteroid used as an analytical and chromatography reagent.

1. Palmatine (Burasaine) is an inhibitor of dopamine generation. 2. Palmatine could potentially be developed for the treatment of flavivirus infections. 3. Palmatine has been used in the treatment of jaundice, dysentery, hypertension, inflammation, and liver-related diseases.

Ilaprazole (IY-81149) is a proton pump inhibitor used in the treatment of dyspepsia gastroesophageal reflux disease (GORD/GERD) and duodenal ulcer. Studies also showed that Ilaprazole significantly prevented the development of reflux oesophagitis.

Lafutidine (FRG-8813) is a newly developed histamine H2-receptor antagonist that inhibits gastric acid secretion.