triphosphate

Acyclovir (Aciclovir) is a synthetic analog of the purine nucleoside, guanosine, with potent antiviral activity against herpes simplex viruses type 1 and 2, varicella-zoster virus and other viruses of the herpesvirus family.

Cytidine 5'-triphosphate disodium salt is one of the endogenous metabolites and is a cation-permeable ligand-gated ion channel agonist.

Uridine triphosphate trisodium salt (UTP, Trisodium Salt) is a nucleotide.

5'-GTP trisodium salt hydrate, an activator of the signal-transducing G proteins, serves as a precursor of mononucleotide units in the enzymatic biosynthesis of DNA and RNA.

Galidesivir triphosphate is a substrate for viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RDRP), resulting in termination of viral RNA replication and thus serves as an antiviral. Galidesivir triphosphate inhibits HCV NS5B RNA polymerase activity and protects mice against Ebola. Galidesivir triphosphate (Immucillin-A triphosphate) is converted by the prodrug Galidesivir.

Guanosine-5'-triphosphate disodium salt (5'-GTP disodium salt) is an enhancer of myogenic cell differentiation and serves as an energy source for translation and other critical cellular processes.

Deoxythymidine triphosphate (dTTP) is one of the four nucleoside triphosphates that are used in the in vivo synthesis of DNA.

N4-Acetylcytidine triphosphate sodium is an efficient substrate for T7 Polymerase-catalyzed in vitro transcription.

N4-Acetylcytidine triphosphate is an efficient substrate for T7 Polymerase-catalyzed in vitro transcription.

NHC-triphosphate is a weak alternative substrate for the viral polymerase and changes the mobility of the product in polyacrylamide electrophoresis gels.

Guanosine triphosphate tritris (GTP tritris) serves as a crucial enhancer in myocyte differentiation, playing an essential role in regulating miRNA-muscle regulatory factors. It promotes the release of exosomes rich in guanine and guanine-derived molecules, and is considered an activation precursor for RNA synthesis. In mitochondrial functionality, GTP is involved in the entry of proteins into the matrix, which is vital for various regulatory pathways. It initiates peptide synthesis by facilitating the binding of formylmethionine-tRNA to the ribosome, and aids in polypeptide chain elongation. Additionally, GTP acts as a carrier for phosphates and pyrophosphates, channeling chemical energy into specific biosynthetic pathways. It activates signal transduction G proteins, regulates cellular processes such as proliferation and differentiation, and its hydrolysis by small GTPases (including Ras and Rho) is indispensable for both proliferation and apoptosis. Furthermore, the small GTPase Rab assists in vesicle docking, fusion, and formation. Beyond signal transduction, GTP is also an energy-rich precursor in the biosynthesis of DNA and RNA enzymes.

Uridine triphosphate (UTP) is a purine nucleotide P2U receptor agonist with potential use in lung cancer treatment. By activating P2Y2 receptors, it enhances the proliferation of human cancerous ductal epithelial cells. Additionally, UTP induces fibrotic responses in cardiac fibroblasts through P2Y2 receptor activation and prolongs the action potential duration of guinea pig papillary muscles via the P2Y2 purinergic receptor.

Kinetin triphosphate tetrasodium (KTP tetrasodium) is the tetrasodium salt form of Kinetin triphosphate, an ATP analog that enhances the activity of Parkinson's disease-associated mutant mitochondrial kinases PINK1(G309D) and PINK1(WT) and has therapeutic potential for neurodegenerative diseases.

Clofarabine-5'-triphosphate is a metabolite of Clofarabine, produced via phosphorylation by deoxycytidine kinase (dCK). It exhibits cytotoxicity in cancer cells by inhibiting DNA synthesis and DNA repair.

Purine riboside-5'-O-triphosphate sodium is an active metabolite of Nebularine (HY-103694) and acts as an inhibitor of DNA primase ATP and GTP polymerization activities, with IC50 values of 35 µM and 28 µM, respectively. It also inhibits calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), with a Ki value of 590 µM.

(+)-Carbovir triphosphate, an active metabolite of Abacavir, was utilized to study the molecular mechanism of inhibition and drug resistance in HIV-1 reverse transcriptase.

4'-Azidothymidine 5'-triphosphate exerts selectively action on both reverse transcriptase of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and human DNA polymerases alpha and beta.

Aminoquinol triphosphate may be useful in the treatment of acute necrotising cutaneous leishmaniasis.

3'-Deoxyuridine-5'-triphosphate (3'-dUTP) is a nucleotide analogue that inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerases I and II and strongly competes with UTP incorporation into RNA, with a Ki value of 2.0 μM[1].

'3'-Deoxyuridine-5'-triphosphate trisodium (3'-dUTP trisodium) is a nucleotide analogue that inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerases I and II by competitively blocking UTP incorporation into RNA with a dissociation constant (Ki) of 2.0 μM[1].

D-myo-Inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate tripotassium (Ins(1,4,5)-P3 tripotassium) is a second messenger in cellular signal transduction that triggers Ca2+ mobilization.

D-myo-Inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate trisodium (Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate trisodium) is a second messenger produced in cells by the phospholipase C-mediated hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate. It binds to Ins(1,4,5)P3 receptors, resulting in the opening of calcium channels and an increase in intracellular calcium.

D-myo-Inositol-1,4,6-phosphate (Ins(1,4,6)-P3) is a member of the inositol phosphate (InsP) family that play critical roles as small, soluble second messengers in the transmission of cellular signals. The most studied InsP, Ins(1,4,5)-P3, is a second messenger produced in cells by phospholipase C (PLC)-mediated hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-biphosphate. Binding of Ins(1,4,5)-P3 to its receptor on the endoplasmic reticulum results in opening of the calcium channels and an increase in intracellular calcium. Ins(1,4,6)-P3 (tested as the meso compound) is 9-fold less potent than Ins(1,4,5)-P3 at initiating Ca2+ release when injected into Xenopus oocytes.

The inositol phosphates are a family of mono- to poly-phosphorylated compounds that act as messengers, regulating cellular functions including cell cycling, apoptosis, differentiation, andmotility. D-myo-Inositol-1,5,6-triphosphate is an intermediate compound, produced by the dephosphorylation of various inositol-tetrakisphosphate forms. The triphosphate can be further metabolized to produce inositol-biphosphate mediators. The biological roles of D-myo-inositol-1,5,6-triphosphate remain to be determined.