taurine

Taurine (2-Aminoethanesulfonic acid) is an organic acid widely distributed in animal tissues and is one of the constituents of bile acids. Taurine is involved in a number of processes related to energy expenditure and muscle function, and can treat fatigue and muscles as well as improve immune function.

Cholic Acid (Cholate) is a major primary bile acid produced in the liver and usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. Cholic acid facilitates fat absorption and cholesterol excretion.

L-Cysteine (L-(+)-Cysteine) is a non-essential sulfur-containing amino acid in humans. L-Cysteine is important for protein synthesis, detoxification, and diverse metabolic functions. Found in beta-keratin, the main protein in nails, skin, and hair, L-Cysteine is important in collagen production, as well as skin elasticity and texture. Also required in the manufacture of amino acid taurine, L-Cysteine is a component of the antioxidant glutathione, and plays a role in the metabolism of essential biochemicals such as coenzyme A, heparin, and biotin.

Cholic acid sodium (SodiumCholate) exhibits a strong spermicidal and antiviral [anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1] activity.

N-Arachidonoyl taurine is an arachidonoyl amino acid. It is oxygenated by 12(S)- and 15(S)-lipoxygenase and is converted to 12-HETE-taurine (12-HETE-T) in murine resident peritoneal macrophages. N-Arachidonoyl taurine is an activator of the transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) channels TRPV1 and TRPV4 (EC50s = 28 and 21 μM, respectively). It increases calcium flux in HIT-T15 pancreatic β-cells and INS-1 rat islet cells when used at a concentration of 10 μM and increases insulin secretion from 832/13 INS-1 pancreatic β-cells. The levels of N-arachidonoyl taurine are changed in mouse brain following administration of δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (δ9-THC).

N-Acyl taurines, such as N-lignoceroyl taurine, alongside various arachidonoyl amino acid conjugates like N-arachidonoyl dopamine and N-arachidonoyl-L-serine, have been identified in bovine brain and through mass spectrometry lipidomic studies in the brain and spinal cord of both wild-type and FAAH knockout mice. Notably, N-lignoceroyl taurine levels were found to be 23-26 times higher in FAAH knockout mice than in wild types, suggesting its degradation by FAAH, despite in vitro evidence showing FAAH hydrolyzes N-lignoceroyl taurine significantly slower than oleoyl ethanolamide. Additionally, N-acyl taurines with polyunsaturated acyl chains are known to activate TRPV1 and TRPV4 channels within the transient receptor potential (TRP) family of calcium channels.

N-Palmitoyl taurine, an amino-acyl endocannabinoid prominent in rat brain lipidomics profiling, accompanies multiple arachidonoyl amino acids isolated from bovine brain, including N-arachidonoylethanolamine (NADA) and N-arachidonoyl serine (ARA-S). Mass spectral lipidomic analysis of rat brain additionally revealed a series of fatty acyl amides with taurine. The function of N-Palmitoyl taurine is under investigation.

N-Oleoyl taurine, an amino-acyl endocannabinoid isolated from rat brain, along with several arachidonoyl amino acids such as N-arachidonoyl dopamine and N-arachidonoyl serine, have been derived from bovine brain. Mass spectral lipidomics analysis of rat brain revealed a series of fatty acyl amides of taurine, marking the discovery of a new class of compounds. These compounds, found in the kidney, are known to activate members of the transient receptor potential (TRP) family of calcium channels, with N-Oleoyl taurine specifically potentially activating TRPV1 and TRPV4 channels.

N-Palmitoyl taurine-d4 is a deuterium-labeled variant of N-Palmitoyl taurine. This compound plays a significant role in lipidomics, having been isolated from rat brain as a crucial aminoacyl endogenous cannabinoid. Its functions are currently under investigation.

N-Stearoyl Taurine-d4 is the deuterium-labeled form of N-Stearoyl taurine. N-Stearoyl taurine serves as a significant aminoacyl endocannabinoid and is isolated from rat brain during lipidomic analyses.

N-Docosanoyl taurine, a lipoamino acid, is a discriminatory metabolite that aids in classifying brain regions [1].

Taurine Dioxygenase, E. coli (EC 1.14.11.17), is an Fe (II) and α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase that enables Escherichia coli to utilize taurine as a sulfur source. It catalyzes the conversion of the amino acid taurine (2-aminoethane-1-sulfonic acid) into sulfite and aminoacetaldehyde.

N-Stearoyl Taurine comprise of Several different arachidonoyl amino acids, including N-arachidonoyl dopamine (NADA) and N-arachidonoyl serine (ARA-S), have been isolated and characterized from bovine brain.1 During mass spectral lipidomic analysis of rat brain, a series of fatty acyl amides of a third amino acid, taurine, is discovered.2 This novel class of compounds is present in kidney and activates members of the transient receptor potential (TRP) family of calcium channels.3 N-Stearoyl Taurine is a prominent amino-acyl endocannabinoid isolated from rat brain during lipidomics profiling. It is additionally relevant in neurochemical lipid signaling studies and may be utilized in research focusing on calcium channel modulation within neurological and renal molecular physiology models.

Taurine chloramine exhibits anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective activities.

Taurine-D4 is a deuterated compound of Taurine. Taurine (T0022) has a CAS number of 107-35-7. Taurine, an organic acid, is distributed in various animal tissues.

Taurine-13C2,15N is a variant of taurine that is labeled with both 13C and 15N isotopes. Taurine (T0022) is a sulfur-containing amino acid and an organic osmolyte involved in cell volume regulation. It serves as a substrate in bile salt formation and plays a role in regulating intracellular free calcium levels. Additionally, taurine can activate autophagy in adipocytes (fat cells).

Taurine-13C2 is a 13C-labeled version of Taurine (TMSM-2187). Taurine, a sulfur-containing amino acid, acts as an organic osmolyte involved in cell volume regulation, serves as a substrate for bile salt formation, and plays a role in controlling intracellular free calcium levels. Additionally, taurine can activate autophagy in adipocytes (fat cells).

Taurine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Taurine, primarily used for research and quantitative analysis. Taurine is a sulfur-containing amino acid and an essential organic osmolyte involved in cell volume regulation. It serves as a crucial substrate for the formation of bile salts and plays a pivotal role in modulating intracellular free calcium concentrations. Beyond its classical roles, Taurine has been identified as an activator of autophagy in adipocytes, contributing to the regulation of lipid metabolism and cellular homeostasis.

Taurine-13C2 (Standard) is a reference standard of Taurine-13C2 intended for quantitative analysis, quality control, and related biochemical research applications. Taurine-13C2 is a 13C-labeled version of taurine. Taurine, a sulfur-containing amino acid, acts as an organic osmolyte involved in cell volume regulation, serves as a substrate for bile salt formation, and plays a role in controlling intracellular free calcium levels. Additionally, taurine can activate autophagy in adipocytes (fat cells).

Taurine-D4 (Standard) is a reference standard of Taurine-D4 intended for quantitative analysis, quality control, and related biochemical research applications. Taurine-d4 is a deuterated compound of Taurine. Taurine has a CAS number of 107-35-7. Taurine, an organic acid, is distributed in various animal tissues.

Guanidinoethyl sulfonate (Taurocyamine) is a competitive glycine receptor antagonist.

Taurolithocholic acid 3-sulfate (TLC-S) induces Ca²⁺ signaling in isolated murine pancreatic acinar cells (PACs). Ca²⁺ oscillations occur at concentrations as low as 25 μM and are triggered in nearly all cells at 200 μM. At 300–500 μM, Taurolithocholic produces prolonged Ca²⁺ elevations that begin with intracellular Ca²⁺ release and are sustained by extracellular Ca²⁺ influx. Other bile salts, including taurodeoxycholate (TDC) and taurocholate (TC), can also stimulate local and global Ca²⁺ oscillations but only at much higher concentrations (approximately 1 mM and 5 mM). Taurolithocholic is a potent Ca²⁺-releasing bile acid tested in PACs and is uniquely effective at inducing Ca²⁺-independent ionic currents even at low micromolar levels. Therefore implicating Taurolithocholic as a strong canidate for researches in gut metabolism.

3-Sulfo-taurocholic acid disodium salt (3-Sulfocholyl Taurine disodium salt) is a derivative of bile acid taurocholic acid.

Taurohyocholic acid (THCA), a taurine-conjugated form of porcine-specific primary bile acid hyocholic acid, inhibits cholesterol crystal precipitation by stabilizing cholesterol in the liquid-crystalline phase and prevents cholestasis and cellular necrosis in isolated rat livers induced by taurolithocholic acid. Additionally, THCA levels rise in the urine of patients with hepatitis B-induced cirrhosis.