stereoisomers

Metolachlor is an organic compound. Metolachlor is also widely used as an herbicide.

Cycloprothrin (GH414; NK-8116) is an insecticidal pesticide composed of two stereoisomers: (1R, alphaR)-Cycloprothrin and (R)-Cycloprothrin. The (1R, alphaR)-Cycloprothrin is approximately 6 times more effective against Mythimna separata larvae and 4 times more effective against Aphis medicaginis larvae than the (R)-Cycloprothrin.

CP 65207 is a new broad-spectrum penicillin antibacterial agent, which is a mixture of two stereoisomers (1:1).

Neo-Inositol is a group of chemically very stable small polar molecules with a variety of properties. It is one of the naturally occurring but rare inositol stereoisomers.

19-HETE is one of the major cytochrome P450 (CYP450) metabolites of arachidonic acid that is released from the kidney in response to angiotensin II. When formed by the CYP2E1 isoform, 19-HETE is composed of 70% and 30% of the (S) and (R) stereoisomers, respectively. Both 19(S)- and 19(R)-HETE are potent vasodilators of renal preglomerular vessels. 19(S)-HETE stimulates both renal sodium-potassium ATPase and volume absorption in the rabbit proximal straight tubule.

PDMP hydrochloride is a ceramide analog originally developed as an inhibitor of glucosylceramide synthase that contains four stereoisomers due to two adjacent chiral centers, and while total PDMP hydrochloride inhibits glucosylceramide synthase by approximately 90% at 0.8 μM in MDCK cell homogenates, the inhibitory activity resides in the D-threo (1R,2R) enantiomer, which also blocks β-1,4-galactosyltransferase 6, prevents lactosylceramide-driven neuroinflammation in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, additionally, PDMP hydrochloride enhances curcumin-induced antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic effects in melanoma cells.

Iloprost is a second generation structural analog of prostacyclin (PGI2) with about ten-fold greater potency than the first generation stable analogs, typified by carbaprostacyclin. Iloprost binds with equal affinity to the recombinant human IP and EP1 receptors with a Ki value of 11 nM. Most preparations of iloprost contain 16(S) and 16(R) stereoisomers. 16(R)-Iloprost inhibits platelet aggregation with an IC50 value of 65 nM.

Iloprost is a second generation structural analog of prostacyclin (PGI2) with about ten-fold greater potency than the first generation stable analogs, typified by carbaprostacyclin. Iloprost binds with equal affinity to the recombinant human IP and EP1 receptors with a Ki value of 11 nM. Most preparations of iloprost contain 16(S) and 16(R) stereoisomers. 16(S)-Iloprost potently inhibits platelet aggregation with an IC50 value of 3.5 nM.

Novel oxylipins, referred to as docosanoids, have been derived from C22polyunsaturated fatty acids 7(S),17(S)-dihydroxy-8(E),10(Z),13(Z),15(E),19(Z)-Docosapentaenoic acid (7(S),17(S)-hydroxy DPA) is a DPA-derived analog of the 17(S)-dihydroxy series of docosanoids known as protectins. Protectin D1, a DHA-derived dihydroxy fatty acid, exhibits potent anti-inflammatory activities.1,2,3Potentially, 7(S),17(S)-hydroxy DPA demonstrates similar properties; however, its biological activity has yet to be determined. 1.Serhan, C.N., Gotlinger, K., Hong, S., et al.Anti-inflammatory actions of neuroprotectin D1/protectin D1 and its natural stereoisomers: Assignments of dihydroxy-containing docosatrienesJ. Immunol.176(3)1848-1859(2006) 2.Ariel, A., and Serhan, C.N.Resolvins and protectins in the termination program of acute inflammationTRENDS in Immunology28(4)176-183(2007) 3.Schwab, J.M., Chiang, N., Arita, M., et al.Resolvin E1 and protectin D1 activate inflammation-resolution programmesNature447(7146)869-874(2007)

(+)-D-threo-PDMP is a ceramide analog and is one of the four possible stereoisomers of PDMP . (+)-D-threo-PDMP is an inhibitor of glucosylceramide synthase. It inhibits glucosylceramide synthase by 50% when used at a concentration of 5 μM in an enzyme assay. (+)-D-threo-PDMP is the active component of racemic DL-threo-PDMP .

D-DOPA is an enantiomer of the dopamine precursor L-DOPA . It can be converted to L-DOPAviasequential oxidation and transamination, which are mediated by D-amino acid oxidase (DAAO) and DOPA transaminase, respectively, in rat kidney homogenates.1It reduces the number of dopaminergic neurons in primary rat embryonic mesencephalic cultures in a concentration-dependent manner.2Intraventricular administration of D-DOPA (200 μg/animal) increases striatal dopamine levels in rats.3D-DOPA (20 mg/kg, i.p.) induces contralateral turns in a rat model of Parkinson's disease induced by 6-OHDA .4 1.Wu, M., Zhou, X.-J., Konno, R., et al.D-dopa is unidirectionally converted to L-dopa by D-amino acid oxidase, followed by dopa transaminaseClin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol.33(11)1042-1046(2006) 2.Ling, Z.-D., Pieri, S.C., and Carvey, P.M.Comparison of the neurotoxicity of dihydroxyphenylalanine stereoisomers in cultured dopamine neuronsClin. Neuropharmacol.19(4)360-365(1996) 3.Karoum, F., Freed, W.J., Chuang, L.-W., et al.D-dopa and L-dopa similarly elevate brain dopamine and produce turning behavior in ratsBrain Res.440(1)190-194(1988) 4.Moses, J., Siddiqui, A., and Silverman, P.B.Sodium benzoate differentially blocks circling induced by D-and L-dopa in the hemi-parkinsonian ratNeurosci. Lett.218(3)145-148(1996)

Endosulfan I is one of the two major stereoisomers of the broad-spectrum insecticide Endosulfan, exhibiting inhibitory activity against the GABA/benzodiazepine/picrotoxin complex (IC50 = 30 nM) and disrupting zebrafish embryonic development.

Sphingosines are long-chain base precursors of cellular sphingolipids used directly in the synthesis of ceramide, which in combination with sialic acid forms ganglioside. Sphingosine can exist in four stereoisomers, however only sphingosine occurs naturally. Compared to other sphingolipids throughout the body, which are predominantly composed of C-18 sphingosine, only central nervous system (CNS) gangliosides contain significant amounts of sphingosine. The concentration of sphingosine within mammalian brain gangliosides apparently increases with developmental maturation. Furthermore, the ratio of C-18 to C-20 sphingosine in the brain is thought to be related to some nervous system degeneration processes.

Hodgkinsine B is an alkaloid and isomer of hodgkinsine that has analgesic activity.1It increases the latency to tail withdrawal in the tail-flick test in mice when administered at a dose of 10 mg/kg. 1.Kodanko, J.J., Hiebert, S., Peterson, E.A., et al.Synthesis of all low-energy stereoisomers of the tris(pyrrolidinoindoline) alkaloid hodgkinsine and preliminary assessment of their antinociceptive activityJ. Org. Chem.72(21)7909-7914(2007)

Scyllo-Inositol (Scyllitol) is one of the inositol stereoisomers, rare in the nature, and expected as a promising disease-modifying therapeutic agent for Alzheimer's disease.

20(S),24(R)-Ocotillol (Standard) is a reference standard for research and analysis in studies involving 20(S),24(R)-Ocotillol. 20(S),24(R)-Ocotillol, a natural product, is characterized by a unique structure featuring specific stereoisomers denoted by (S) at carbon 20 and (R) at carbon 24.

Sphingosine (d20:1) (Standard) is a reference standard for research and analysis in studies involving Sphingosine (d20:1). Sphingosines are long-chain base precursors of cellular sphingolipids used directly in the synthesis of ceramide, which in combination with sialic acid forms ganglioside. Sphingosine can exist in four stereoisomers, however only sphingosine occurs naturally. Compared to other sphingolipids throughout the body, which are predominantly composed of C-18 sphingosine, only central nervous system (CNS) gangliosides contain significant amounts of sphingosine. The concentration of sphingosine within mammalian brain gangliosides apparently increases with developmental maturation. Furthermore, the ratio of C-18 to C-20 sphingosine in the brain is thought to be related to some nervous system degeneration processes.

Acoraminol B is one of the stereoisomers of phenylpropanoids, with the other being Acoraminol A, and it can be isolated from the methanol extract of Acorus calamus rhizome. Acoraminol B exhibits weak cytotoxic activity against several human tumor cell lines (IC50>30 μM).

20(S),24(R)-Ocotillol, a natural product, is characterized by a unique structure featuring specific stereoisomers denoted by (S) at carbon 20 and (R) at carbon 24.

DL-Cystathionine dihydrochloride is a mixture of four stereoisomers of cystathionine and isopropylthionine, serving as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of the amino acid cysteine.