spontaneous

Boc-Asp(OMe)-fluoromethyl ketone (Boc-Asp(OMe)-FMK) is a broad range caspase inhibitor. Boc-Asp(OME)-Fluoromethyl Ketone inhibits Fas-mediated phagocytosis and oxidative rupture inhibition, but does not affect the chemotactic activity of IL-8.

CS1 peptide is present within type III homology connecting segment (IIICS) as well as C-274 (cell-binding domain). Fibronectin CS1 Peptide lacks the Arg-Gly-Asp-containing domain, actively inhibits tumor metastases in spontaneous and experimental metastas

Substance P(1-7) TFA is a fragment of neuropeptide P (SP) with anti-nociceptive activity. It prevents morphine-induced spontaneous pain behavior through the spinal NMDA-NO cascade, and can be used in research on neurological diseases.

Pinealon is a 3-amino acid peptide that shows neuroprotective properties by preventing reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and suppressing the activation of ERK 1 2. Pinealon stimulates the functional activity of the main cellular elements of brain tissue, reduces the level of spontaneous cell death, and protects rat offspring from prenatal hyperhomocysteinemia [1] [2] [3].

m3-Huwentoxin IV (m3-HwTx-IV) is a potent inhibitor of sodium channels (NaV), with half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50s) of 3.3 nM for hNaV1.7, 6.8 nM for hNaV1.6, 7.2 nM for hNaV1.3, 8.4 nM for hNaV1.1, 11.9 nM for hNaV1.2, and 369 nM for hNaV1.4 in the QPatch assay. It also alleviates spontaneous pain in a rodent model induced by the NaV1.7 activator OD1 in a dose-dependent manner [1].

Tyrosylhistidine (Tyr-His) is a dipeptide formed from tyrosine and histidine that exhibits orally active antihypertensive properties, demonstrated by its ability to lower blood pressure in a spontaneous hypertension mouse model [1].

[Leu27]-Melan-A, MART-1 (26-35), is a biologically active peptide modified by substituting leucine for alanine at position 27, which enhances its HLA-A*0201 binding, immunogenicity, and antigenicity compared to the natural peptide. Pyroglutamyl (pGlu) peptides, arising from the spontaneous cyclization of glutamine (Q) or glutamic acid (E) at the N-terminus, are a recognized subset of peptides that may confer increased stability due to the hydrophobic γ-lactam ring of pGlu. These pGlu peptides are typically included during peptide purity assessments in HPLC analysis.

Influenza NP (311-325) is a biologically active peptide consisting of amino acids 311 to 325 from the influenza virus nucleoprotein (NP). As a bona fide MHC class II-restricted epitope, it is critical for studying host immune responses during viral infection, inducing robust gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) production in intracellular cytokine assays without stimulating CD8 T-cells in mice. The presence of Glutamine (Q) or Glutamic acid (E) at the N-terminus can lead to spontaneous formation of Pyroglutamyl (pGlu) peptides, enhancing peptide stability against gastrointestinal proteases. These peptides are considered a normal variant and included in peptide purity measurements in HPLC analysis.

GAD65 (524-543) is a biologically active peptide comprising amino acids 524 to 543 of glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD65). It represents an early islet antigen fragment that elicits proliferative T cell responses in the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse model, instrumental in spontaneous autoimmune diabetes research. The peptide serves as a specific, possibly low-affinity stimulant for the diabetogenic T cell clone BDC2.5. Notably, immunization with GAD65 (524-543) heightens NOD mice's vulnerability to type 1 diabetes when subjected to the adoptive transfer of BDC2.5 T cells.

Tat-QFNP12 is a peptide that combines a transcriptional transactivator (Tat) transmembrane domain with an inhibitor targeting the interaction between N-Myc downstream regulated gene 2 (NDRG2) and protein phosphatase Mg2+/Mn2+ dependent 1A (PPM1A). This compound effectively mitigates blood-brain barrier endothelial tight junction disruption caused by elevated levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), alleviates cerebral edema, and promotes spontaneous activity along with symmetric limb movement in a mouse model of subarachnoid hemorrhage induced by endovascular puncture. These benefits are observed at a dosage of 20 mg/kg.

he connecting segment 1 (CS-1) is a cell attachment domain located in the type III homology connecting segment (IIICS) of fibronectin. CS1 peptide of fibronectin, which lacks the Arg-Gly-Asp-containing domain, actively inhibits tumor metastases in spontan

Ac-RYYRIK-NH2 acetate is an agonist at nociceptin orphanin FQ(noc OFQ) receptors, affecting spontaneous locomotor activity. Ac-RYYRIK-NH2 acetate is a partial agonist on ORL1 transfected in CHO cells, antagonizes the stimulation of [35S]-GTPgammaS binding to G proteins by noc OFQ in membranes and sections of rat brain.

Potent rat Nav1.7, human Nav1.4 and rat Nav1.6 channel activator (EC50 values are 7, 10 and 47 nM, respectively). Exhibits minimal activation at mammalian Nav1.2, Nav1.3 and Nav1.5 (EC50 values >3 μM). Inhibits fast inactivation on all channels. Increases

Locustamyotropin is a novel peptide isolated from Leucophae maderae; stimulates the spontaneous contractions of the hindgut of Leucophaea maderae.