redox

Tetrahydroxyquinone (Tetroquinone) is a molecule best known as a primitive anticataract drug, is also a highly redox active molecule that can take part in a redox cycle with semiquinone radicals, leading to the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS).

TMPD dihydrochloride is an active substrate of enzymatically convert redox and an electron donor for the reduction of heme peroxidases.

Pyrroloquinoline quinone disodium salt (Methoxatin disodium salt), an aromatic tricyclic o-quinone, is a redox cofactor for bacterial dehydrogenases. It is an efficient electron transfer catalyst from a number of organic substrates to molecular oxygen (O2), constructing quinoprotein model reactions.

Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ), as a well-known redox enzyme cofactor, PQQ can protect NS/PCs against glutamate toxicity associated with ROS-mediated mitochondrial pathway,

Estredox (E2 CDS) is a redox-based estradiol (E2) chemical delivery system.E2-CDS provides sustained and brain-selective delivery of estradiol.

Thioredoxin reductase peptide, corresponding to residues 53-67 in thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), is used in thioredoxin reductase research. Mammalian thioredoxin reductase (TR) catalyzes the reduction of the redox-active disulfide bond of thioredoxin (Trx) and is structurally and mechanistically similar to glutathione reductase, except for a C-terminal 16-amino acid extension containing a rare vicinal selenylsulfide bond.

Thioredoxin reductase peptide acetate corresponds to residues 53–67 in thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), used in thioredoxin reductase research.Mammalian thioredoxin reductase (TR) catalyzes the reduction of the redox-active disulfide bond of thioredoxin (Trx

Redoxal, a novel Prenyltransferase Inhibitor, has demonstrated antibacterial activity both in vitro and in vivo.

Thioredoxin reductase peptide TFA, corresponding to residues 53-67 in thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), is utilized in thioredoxin reductase research.

TBHQ (tert-Butylhydroquinone) is an antioxidant that induces an antioxidant response through the redox-sensitive transcription factor Nrf2.

PF-4191834 is a noniron chelating and non-redox inhibitor of the 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LOX) with an IC50 of 229 nM. PF-4191834 shows ~300-fold selectivity for 5-LOX over 12-LOX and 15-LOX and displays no activity toward the cyclooxygenase enzymes. PF-4191834

Sonlicromanol hydrochloride (KH176 hydrochloride) is a ROS-redox modulator that crosses the blood-brain barrier, has potential anticancer activity, improves m.3243A>G heterogeneity in iPSC-derived neurons associated with It has potential anticancer activity, ameliorates neuronal network dysfunction and transcriptomic changes associated with m.3243A>G heterogeneity in iPSC-derived neurons, and can be used for the treatment of mitochondrial diseases.

1-N-Methyl-4-mercaptohistidine disulfide is a potential Duchenne chloroplast coupling factor 1 redox regulator, an oxidized form of ochratoxin A, that inhibits light-triggered CF1 ATPase activity.

2,2'-Bipyridine is a unique bioactive natural product molecular scaffold commonly used in the core structure of many chelating ligands. 2,2'-Bipyridine acts as a bridge in the arrangement of the catalytic center. 2,2'-Bipyridine has good redox stability and glycemic activity.

Ubiquinol, the biologically active reduced form of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), Ubiquinol exerts its potent bioenergetic and antioxidant effects through the redox capability of its benzoquinone head group to accept and donate electrons, making it a promising therapeutic candidate for improving muscle function and physical performance.

Emeramide (BDTH2) is a thiol-redox antioxidant. It is also a heavy metal chelator.

NAD+ (β-Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) is a coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-diphosphate coupled to adenosine 5'-phosphate by pyrophosphate linkage. It is found widely in nature and is involved in numerous enzymatic reactions in which it serves as an electron carrier by being alternately oxidized (NAD+) and reduced (NADH).

Cobalt phthalocyanine (Phthalocyanine cobalt complex) is a catalyst for a redox reaction.

NADP disodium salt (Disodium NADP) is a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. NADP disodium salt is a key redox cofactor for electron transfer in the metabolism, serves as an electron carrier in a number of reactions, being alternately oxidized (NADP+) and reduced (NADPH).

Neocuproine is a copper(I) chelator that enhances the purinergic component of vasoconstriction induced by electric field stimulation, and is often used as a ligand reagent and copper ion detector.Neocuproine forms stable complexes with copper ions and can play a catalytic role in certain chemical reactions and analytical methods.Neocuproine acts as a redox-active on the iron and cobalt ligand platform for protection against oxidative damage in NSC34 cells.

(S)-Malic acid ((S)-2-Hydroxysuccinic acid) is a tart-tasting organic dicarboxylic acid found in many sour foods, such as apples, and contributes to the sourness of green apples and tartness of wine, although its concentration decreases with fruit ripeness (wikipedia). In its ionized form, it is called malate, an intermediate in the TCA cycle alongside fumarate, and can be formed from pyruvate through anaplerotic reactions. In humans, malic acid is derived from food sources and synthesized in the body via the citric acid cycle in mitochondria, playing a crucial role in energy production under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Under aerobic conditions, malate is oxidized to oxaloacetate, providing reducing equivalents via the malate-aspartate redox shuttle, while during anaerobic conditions, its simultaneous reduction to succinate and oxidation to oxaloacetate removes excess reducing equivalents, reversing hypoxia's inhibition of glycolysis and energy production. Studies on rats have shown that tissue malate depletes following exhaustive physical activity, suggesting that malic acid deficiency may cause physical exhaustion. Administering malic acid to rats has been shown to elevate mitochondrial malate, increasing mitochondrial respiration and energy production.

6-Aminonicotinamide (6-AN) is a well-established inhibitor of the NADP+-dependent enzyme.

2,5-dimethoxycyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dio (Thermophillin) is a natural product. The redox cycle of 2,5-dimethoxybenzoquinone is a source of reducing equivalent for the regeneration of Fe2+ and H2O2 in brown rot fungal decay of wood.

Potassium bromide is a biochemical reagent that can be used as a sedative or in combination with phenobarbital as an anticonvulsant drug, and is widely applied in biochemical experiments and drug synthesis research.