radiation

Meloside A (Isovitexin 2''-O-β-D-glucoside) is a phenylpropanoid extracted from barley, exhibiting antioxidant and protective properties against excess UV-B radiation, and has been linked to resistance to pathogens.

L-Histidine (L-(-)-Histidine) is a semi-essential amino acid (children should obtain it from food) needed in humans for growth and tissue repair, L-Histidine is important for maintenance of myelin sheaths that protect nerve cells and is metabolized to the neurotransmitter histamine. Histamines play many roles in immunity, gastric secretion, and sexual functions. L-Histidine is also required for blood cell manufacture and protects tissues against damage caused by radiation and heavy metals.

L-Cystine (Cystine Acid) is not considered one of the 20 amino acids, L-Cystine (Cystine Acid) is a sulfur-containing derivative obtained from oxidation of cysteine amino acid thiol side chains. It functions as an antioxidant and protects tissues against radiation and pollution, slowing the aging process. It also aids protein synthesis. L-Cystine (Cystine Acid) is abundant in many proteins of skeletal tissues and skin, and found in insulin and digestive enzymes chromotrypsinogen A, papain, and trypsinogen.

10-Hydroxydecanoic Acid (NSC 15139) has antibacterial, anti - cancer and anti - radiation activity.

Calyculin A ((-)-Calyculin A), a toxicant in the Japanese marine sponge CDiscodermia calyxC, is a selective and potent inhibitor of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) and protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), inducing hyperactivation of cryopreserved bovine spermatozoa and inhibiting radiation-induced gammaH2AX DNA repair disease in human lymphocytes. gammaH2AX DNA repair foci in human lymphocytes.

Laminaran is a β-1,3-glucan isolated from brown algae, often serving as a typical ligand for Dectin-1. It possesses anti-cancer, immune-modulating, and radiation-protective properties. Laminaran can be catalyzed by glucanase. In in vitro and in vivo experiments, Laminaran has demonstrated anti-tumor activity and may be used for severe cancers.

Panaxatriol (Panaxtriol) can relieve myelosuppression induced by radiation injury.

Psoralidin inhibits Akt phosphorylation and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activation and transcriptionally. Psoralidin possesses anticancer and chemopreventive properties.

Vitamin B6 is a component of some coenzymes in human body, which is involved in a variety of metabolic reactions, especially related to amino acid metabolism.Clinical application of vitamin B6 in the prevention and treatment of pregnancy and radiation sic

Urocanic acid (4-Imidazoleacrylic acid), synthesized in the epidermis, functions as a primary absorber of ultraviolet (UV) radiation in mammalian skin.

1. Isofraxidin (Phytodolor) protects leukemia cells from radiation-induced apoptosis via ROS mitochondria pathway in a p53-independent manner. 2. Isofraxidin has a protective effect against LPS-induced ALI, and the protective effect of Isofraxidin seems to result from the inhibition of COX-2 protein expression in the lung, which regulates the production of PGE2. 3. Isofraxidin possesses significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities that may be mediated through the regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α and the phosphorylation of p38 and ERK1 2.

Zymosan A, a polysaccharide derived from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is a TLR2 agonist that can upregulate ASCL2 through the TLR2 and Wnt signaling pathways, promoting the regeneration of intestinal stem cells (ISCs) after radiation-induced injury. It exhibits significant radioprotective effects, helping to prevent and alleviate IR-induced intestinal damage. Additionally, Zymosan A can induce immune responses, inflammation, anorexia, and elevated body temperature, and is commonly used to establish peritonitis models.

Irisquinone, a natural anticancer agent, also acts as a radiation sensitizer for cancer therapies. It diminishes glutathione (GSH) levels and hampers the repair of single-strand DNA breaks [1] [2] [3].

Kaempferol-3-O-α±-D-arabinoside displays cytotoxic and high antioxidant activity.Kaempferol-3-O-arabinoside and kaempferol-3-O-glucoside can function as antioxidants in biological systems, particularly skin exposed to UV radiation by scavenging ROS, and protect cellular membrane against ROS; they can be applicable to new cosmeceuticals for antioxidant, antiaging, and antibacterial activity.

Oryzalexin E, a diterpene phytoalexin, is isolated from rice leaves exposed to ultraviolet radiation. It inhibits the germination of Pyricularia oryzae spores, with an effective dose (ED50) of 62.5 ppm.