pyruvate

Sodium dichloroacetate (BCA) , a specific inhibitor of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) with IC50 values of 183 and 80 μM for PDK2 and PDK4 respectively, has been shown to derepress a mitochondrial potassium-ion channel axis, trigger apoptosis in cancer cells, and inhibit tumor growth.

3-Bromopyruvic acid (Hexokinase II Inhibitor II, 3-BP) is a hexokinase II inhibitor with Ki of 2.4 mM for glycolysis/hexokinase inhibition. It is inhibitor of tumour cell energy metabolism and chemopotentiator of platinum drugs.

α-Cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (α-CHCA) is an inhibitor of monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1), which blocks pyruvate transport in rat heart mitochondria (IC50: 1.5 μM).

PKR-IN-2 is a activator of pyruvate kinase (PKR).

MSDC 0160 (CAY10415) is a prototype mTOT-modulating insulin sensitizer being used in trials studying the treatment of Type 2 Diabetes and Alzheimer's Disease.

GW604714X (2,4-Thiazolidinedione, 5-[[5-[6-(4-acetyl-1-piperazinyl)-3-nitro-2-pyridinyl]-2-fluorophenyl]methylene]-) were found to be potent inhibitors of mitochondrial respiration supported by pyruvate

Pyruvate Carboxylase-IN-5 (compound 6m) is a selective and permeable inhibitor of pyruvate carboxylase. This mitochondrial enzyme plays a critical role in catalyzing the conversion of pyruvate to oxaloacetate, a process essential for maintaining the steady-state levels of tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates, which serve as precursors for the synthesis of biomacromolecules, including amino acids, fatty acids, and glucose.

Pyruvate Carboxylase-IN-1 (compound 37), a natural analog of erianin, is a potent inhibitor of pyruvate carboxylase (PC), with inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of 0.204 μM and 0.104 μM in cell lysate-based and cell-based PC activity assays, respectively. This compound effectively inhibits PC enzymatic activity, contributing to its anticancer effects in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) [1].

Pyruvate Carboxylase-IN-2 is a natural analog of erianin. Pyruvate Carboxylase-IN-2 (compound 29) is a potent inhibitor of pyruvate carboxylase (PC). In cell lysate-based and cell-based PC activity assays, Pyruvate Carboxylase-IN-2 shows IC 50 s of 0.065 and 0.097 μM, respectively. Pyruvate Carboxylase-IN-2 mediates the anticancer effect in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Pyruvate kinase is a glycolytic enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate and ADP to pyruvate and ATP [1] .

Pyruvate carboxylase, a biotin-containing enzyme, catalyzes the carboxylation of pyruvate to oxaloacetate, a reaction dependent on HCO3− and MgATP. This enzyme is crucial for regulating whole-body energetics, influencing gluconeogenesis in the liver, fatty acid synthesis in adipocytes, and insulin secretion in pancreatic β-cells [1] [2].

Pyruvate Kinase/Lactic Dehydrogenase enzymes, Rabbit catalyze the ATP-dependent phosphorylation of glycolate to produce 2-phosphoglycolate. The activation of pyruvate kinase requires divalent cation Mg2+ and monovalent cation K+.

Pyruvate Kinase, Bacillus stearothermophilus (EC 2.7.1.40), is an enzyme involved in glycolysis, facilitating the transfer of a phosphate group from phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to ADP, thus producing one molecule of pyruvate and one molecule of ATP.

The (R)-3-amino-2-methylpropionate-pyruvate transaminase (EC 2.6.1.40) and EC 2.6.1.22, namely the (S)-3-amino-2-methylpropionic acid transaminase, jointly constitute the pathway for the interconversion of the enantiomers of 3-amino-2-methylpropionic acid.

β-Methylindole-3-pyruvate reductase (EC 1.1.1.397) is involved in the biosynthesis of indolmycin, an antibacterial agent that inhibits the bacterial tryptophan-tRNA ligase (EC 6.1.1.2).

Pyruvate Carboxylase-IN-4 (Compd 8V) acts as a competitive inhibitor of Pyruvate Carboxylase, demonstrating potency with an IC 50 value of 4.3 μM.

Ethyl pyruvate is a simple aliphatic ester of pyruvic acid and has been shown to have robust neuroprotective effects via its anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and anti-apoptotic functions.

Isoniazid pyruvate is a metabolite of isoniazid. Isoniazid (Laniazid, Nydrazid), also known as isonicotinylhydrazine (INH), is an organic compound that is the first-line medication in prevention and treatment of tuberculosis.

Pyruvate oxidase (PoxB) is a thiamine pyrophosphate-dependent oxidase, a key enzyme in glucose metabolism, and is used in the study of invasive pneumococcal disease.

Mitapivat (PKR-IN-1), also known as PKM2 activator 1020 is a PKM2 activator (pyruvate kinase activator) for the treatment of pyruvate kinase deficiency.

Disodium monofluorophosphate (NSC248) is a competitive inhibitor of pyruvate kinase and alkaline phosphatase, which also irreversibly inhibits phosphorylase phosphatase.

Nitrofurazone (Nitrofural; Furacilin) is an orally active nitroaromatic broad-spectrum antibiotic with activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. It is commonly used for establishing breast cancer models.

Dehydroabiethylamine (NSC-2955) is an inducer of hepatic CYP2B activity. Dehydroabiethylamine inhibits pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases (PDKs) and intracellular cholesterol transport with anti-tumor activity.

Sodium 2-oxopropanoate (Sodium pyruvate) is a antioxidant potentially used to treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.