l-glutamine

L-Glutamine (L-Glutamic acid 5-amide), a non-essential amino acid, is synthesized from glutamic acid and ammonia.

L-Alanyl-L-glutamine (Ala-Gln), a dipeptide composed of alanine and Gln, is an alternative supplement to L-glutamine in the production of biopharmaceuticals with better solubility and stability than glutamine (Gln).

DL-Glutamine (2-amino-4-carbamoylbutanoic acid), a non-essential amino acid, exists abundantly throughout the body and is participated in many metabolic processes. It is synthesized from glutamic acid and ammonia, and is the main carrier of nitrogen in the body and is an important energy source for many cells.

L-Pyroglutamic acid (pidolic acid), a cyclized derivative of the L-GLUTAMIC ACID, can elevate blood levels. This function may be associated with problems of GLUTATHIONE or GLUTAMINE metabolism.

Aceglutamide (N2-Acetylglutamine) is an acetyl derivative of the amino acid L-glutamine, used to improve memory.

L-Citrulline, an amino acid, is derived from ornithine during the catabolism of proline, glutamate, or glutamine, and also from L-arginine via the arginine-citrulline pathway.

Histidine (abbreviated as His or H) is an alpha-amino acid. The L-isomer is one of the 22 proteinogenic amino acids, i.e., the building blocks of proteins. It is classified as a charged, polar because of the hydrophilic nature of the imidazole side chain.

5'-Guanylic acid disodium salt (GMP-5) is a purine ribonucleoside monophosphate. L-Glutamic acid and guanosine monophosphate are biosynthesized from xanthylic acid and L-glutamine via GMP synthase [glutamine-hydrolyzing]. Guanosine triphosphate and guanosine monophosphate are biosynthesized from diguanosine tetraphosphate via bis(5'-nucleosyl)-tetraphosphatase [asymmetrical]. In humans, guanosine monophosphate is involved in the kanamycin, telithromycin, tobramycin, and erythromycin action pathways, and several metabolic disorders including AICA-ribosiduria, adenosine deaminase deficiency, adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency (aprt), and 2-hydroxyglutric aciduria (D and L form) pathways. Guanosine monophosphate is also found in foods like onion-family vegetables, millet, Chinese water chestnut, and red rice, serving as a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods.

Phenylacetylglutamine (NSC 203800)is a normal constituent of human urine, but other mammals such as the dog, cat, rat, monkey, sheep, and horse do not excrete this compound. Phenylacetylglutamine is a major nitrogenous metabolite that accumulates in uremia. Phenylacetylglutamine also is a microbial metabolite found in Christensenellaceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Ruminococcaceae.

Acivicin hydrochloride is the hydrochloride form of Acivicin (AT125, U42126).Acivicin, a natural product from Streptomyces sviceus (Streptomyces), is a glutamine analog and a potent inhibitor of γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and a potent inhibitor of l -Asparagine synthetase and other l-glutamine aminotransferases, and is cytotoxic by blocking nucleotide biosynthesis.

L-Hisidine is an essential amino acid for infants and acts as an inhibitor of mitochondrial glutamine transport.