glutamine

L-Alanyl-L-glutamine (Ala-Gln), a dipeptide composed of alanine and Gln, is an alternative supplement to L-glutamine in the production of biopharmaceuticals with better solubility and stability than glutamine (Gln).

N-Oleoyl Glutamine (Oleoyl-L-glutamine) is an N-acyl amino acid involved in the regulation of PM20D1 and antagonizes TRPV1 of the transient receptor potential (TRP) calcium channel.

Arginyl-Glutamine (Arg-Gln) is a dipeptide nutritional supplement that protects against hyperoxic lung injury in neonatal mice, reducing VEGF levels and inhibiting retinal neovascularization in a mouse model of oxygen-induced retinopathy, also alleviating lung injury in neonatal mice.

Nalpha-Fmoc-L-Glutamine (Fmoc-Gln-OH) is a glutamine derivative.

Methylseleno carboxyethylglutamine HCl is an isomeric peptide of L-selenomethionine used in the study of colorectal cancer.

Polyglutamine binding peptide 1 (QBP1) is a peptide inhibitor of polyglutamine (polyQ). It effectively inhibits polyQ protein aggregation in vitro and prevents polyQ-induced cell death in cell cultures.

Hsp70-derived octapeptide acetate (Hsp70-derived octapeptide acetate) is a group of tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR)-containing proteins has been shown to interact with the C-terminal domain of the 70 kDa heat-shock cognate protein (hsc70). In the present study, the effect of the TPR-containing proteins, including the C-terminus of hsc70-interacting protein (CHIP), TPR1 and human glutamine-rich TPR-containing protein (hSGT), on refolding of luciferase by DnaJ and hsc70 was investigated.

A group of tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR)-containing proteins has been shown to interact with the C-terminal domain of the 70 kDa heat-shock cognate protein (hsc70). In the present study, the effect of the TPR-containing proteins, including the C-terminus

Bid BH3 (80-99) is a biologically active peptide and a pro-apoptotic member of the 'BH3-only' (BOPS) subset within the BCL-2 protein family, crucial in apoptosis regulation. It interacts with Bcl-2, Bax, and Bak to initiate their activation or inactivation, inducing cell death. Bid translocates from the cytosol to the mitochondrial membrane as part of its mechanism. Pyroglutamyl (pGlu) peptides, which can arise from Glutamine (Q) or Glutamic acid (E) at the N-terminus, have a hydrophobic γ-lactam ring that enhances stability and provides resistance to gastrointestinal proteases. These peptides are recognized variants in peptide analyses, including HPLC purity assessments.

NH2-QGGYTMHQDQEGDTDAGLK-COOH is a synthetic peptide chain featuring a primary amine group (NH2) attached to lysine and a carboxyl group (COOH) attached to glutamine.

Microtubule-associated protein tau (26-44) is a synthetic peptide with an amino group conjugated to glutamine and a carboxyl group conjugated to lysine.

Glutaurine (Litoralon) TFA, a compound featuring glutamine and taurine residues, functions as an orally active parathyroid hormone. Originating from the oxyphil cells of the parathyroid gland, this hormone is employed in the study of antiepileptic and anti-amnesia treatments, as evidenced by references [1] [2] [3] [4].

[Leu27]-Melan-A, MART-1 (26-35), is a biologically active peptide modified by substituting leucine for alanine at position 27, which enhances its HLA-A*0201 binding, immunogenicity, and antigenicity compared to the natural peptide. Pyroglutamyl (pGlu) peptides, arising from the spontaneous cyclization of glutamine (Q) or glutamic acid (E) at the N-terminus, are a recognized subset of peptides that may confer increased stability due to the hydrophobic γ-lactam ring of pGlu. These pGlu peptides are typically included during peptide purity assessments in HPLC analysis.

EE epitope, a biologically active peptide, is a fragment (314 to 319 amino acids) of the middle T antigen from mouse polyomavirus and is frequently utilized as an epitope tag. Pyroglutamyl (pGlu) peptides, which can arise spontaneously at the N-terminus from either Glutamine (Q) or Glutamic acid (E), are recognized for potentially enhancing peptide stability through the hydrophobic γ-lactam ring of pGlu, particularly against gastrointestinal proteases. Such peptides, as a normal variant, are accounted for within peptide purity assessments during HPLC analysis.

Epsilon-V1-2, a Cys-conjugated, is a biologically active peptide known as the εPKC-specific inhibitor. It hampers εPKC functionality by obstructing its translocation and the phosphorylation of MARCKS, additionally perturbing εPKC's interaction with its anchoring protein, εRACK. The peptide includes a cysteine residue at its C-terminus, facilitating the formation of potential disulfide bonds with carrier proteins. Pyroglutamyl formation can occur spontaneously at the N-terminus if glutamine or glutamic acid is present, enhancing peptide stability against gastrointestinal proteases. Pyroglutamyl peptides, a recognized subset, are accounted for in the peptide's purity during HPLC analysis.

Influenza NP (311-325) is a biologically active peptide consisting of amino acids 311 to 325 from the influenza virus nucleoprotein (NP). As a bona fide MHC class II-restricted epitope, it is critical for studying host immune responses during viral infection, inducing robust gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) production in intracellular cytokine assays without stimulating CD8 T-cells in mice. The presence of Glutamine (Q) or Glutamic acid (E) at the N-terminus can lead to spontaneous formation of Pyroglutamyl (pGlu) peptides, enhancing peptide stability against gastrointestinal proteases. These peptides are considered a normal variant and included in peptide purity measurements in HPLC analysis.