dpph

DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) is a cell-permeable, stable free radical commonly used to evaluate the free radical scavenging ability, hydrogen donation capacity of compounds, and to measure the antioxidant activity of tissue extracts.

Altenusin is a natural nonsteroidal fungal metabolite, as a novel selective agonist of FXR with an EC50 value of 3.2 ± 0.2 μM.

Glucosamine (Chitosamine) is an amino sugar and a prominent precursor in the biochemical synthesis of glycosylated proteins and lipids. Supplemental glucosamine may help to rebuild cartilage and treat arthritis.

(E)-Ferulic acid methyl ester (Methyl (E)-ferulate) is a potential inhibitor of the mitogen-activated phosphor kinase pathway and an anti-inflammatory agent first isolated from the medicinal plant S. tuberosa. Additionally, it shows promising anthelmintic activity against Haemonchus contortus.

1. Oxyresveratro can inhibit tyrosinase activity. 2. Oxyresveratro is useful to trauma models, as toxicity to glia could be beneficial by inhibiting reactive gliosis. 3. Oxyresveratrol (trans-Oxyresveratrol) has antioxidant activity, can reduce neuronal oxidative damage and protect hepatocytes against oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, which may be associated with activation of Nrf2.

Hydroxytyrosol Acetate (HTy-Ac) is found in the olive oil with antioxidant activity.

Okanin shows significant activities on both linoleic acid peroxidation inhibition and DPPH radical scavenging effect.

Calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside (calycosin-7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside) exhibits a protective effect on rat hepatocytes, inhibits COX-2 activity, has antimicrobial properties, and is a promising anti-HIV agent. Additionally, it demonstrates scavenging activity against DPPH radicals and superoxide anions, alleviates osteoarthritis, and increases brain cell membrane fluidity in ischemia-reperfusion rats.

Calceolarioside B (Desrhamnosyl isoacteoside) displays inhibition of aromatase. Calceolarioside B displays inhibition of human recombinant PKCalpha.

α-Amylase-IN-1 is an α-Amylase inhibitor (IC50: 0.5509 μM). α-Amylase-IN-1 has antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 53.49 μM for scavenging of DPPH free radicals, and can be used in the study of diabetes and oxidative stress-related diseases.

Methyl brevifolincarboxylate (Brevifolincarboxylic acid methyl ester) is a potent influenza virus PB2 cap-binding inhibitor, exhibiting inhibitory activity against influenza virus A Puerto Rico 8 34 (H1N1) and A Aichi 2 68 (H3N2) with IC50s of 27.16 μM and 33.41 μM, respectively, and possessing anti-oxidant activity[1][2].

Icariside E4 is a natural compound derived from Ulmus minor that acts via AMPK phosphorylation and inhibition of MID1IP2 hypolipidation in HepG1 cells.Icariside E4 has anti-injurious, antioxidant, anti-Alzheimer's and anti-inflammatory effects and inhibits SREBP-1c, liver X receptor-α (LXR) and FASN in Icariside E4 is an effective candidate for the treatment of fatty liver disease and has hypolipidemic potential in HepG1 cells.

Antiarol (3,4,5-trimethoxyphenol) is a member of aromatic phenols and exhibits moderate DPPH free radical scavenging activity.

4'-Methoxyflavonol is a synthetic flavonol with an additional 3-hydroxyl group and higher antioxidant capacity than 4'-Methoxyflavone.4'-Methoxyflavonol interacts with the lipid bilayer of DPPC model membranes, and is capable of scavenging free radicals and antioxidant activity in DPPH assays, and exhibits some antiproliferative activity against K562 and MCF-7 cancer cell lines.

Dehydroglyasperin D exhibits anticancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, antioxidant and anti-aldose reductase effects, it inhibits the proliferation of HT-29 human colorectal cancer cells through direct interaction with phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; it also mediates suppression of both COX-2 expression and the MLK3 signalling pathway through direct binding and inhibition of MLK3. Dehydroglyasperin D shows strong ferric reducing activities and effectively scavenged DPPH, ABTS(+), and singlet oxygen radicals.

Glabranin has antimicrobial activity, it shows significant activities on DPPH free radical with the IC50 value of 240.20 ug ml. Glabranin or a derivative thereof could be used to stimulate hair growth. Glabranine exerts a dose-dependent inhibitory effect

Hexacosyl (E)-ferulate displays significant antioxidant activity in the DPPH assay (RC50 = 0.0976 mg/mL). It also might be a chemotaxonomic marker in the genus Echinops.

Quercetin-3-o-rutinose has antioxidative activity, it exerts strong DPPH radical-scavenging activity.

Corchoionoside C has antioxidant activity, shows strong scavenging activities on DPPH radical, it also shows weak antifungal activity. Corchoionosides A, B, and C inhibit the histamine release from rat peritoneal exudate cells induced by antigen-antibody reaction.

Cistanoside F shows vasorelaxant, and antioxidative effects, it shows a strong free radical scavenging activity on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and xanthine xanthine oxidase (XOD) generated superoxide anion radical (O2-.).

8-Prenyldaidzein has cytotoxic properties against P-388 cells, its IC 50 values 5.82 ug/mL, it also exhibits very high antioxidant activity against DPPH radical scavenging.

Latifolin is a strong DPPH-scavenger, it attenuates inflammatory responses by inhibiting NF-κB activation via Nrf2-mediated heme oxygenase-1 expression. Latifolin displays potent anticarcinogenic phase II marker enzyme, quinone reductase (QR) inducing activity and high chemopreventive indices. Latifolin also shows antifungal activity against white- and brown-rot fungi.

Isoscoparin-2''-Beta-D-glucopyranoside shows prominent free radical scavenging activity in DPPH assay.

Tyrosinase-IN-19 (compound 9), a competitive tyrosinase inhibitor, exhibits potent antioxidant activities by neutralizing ROS, ABTS+, and DPPH radicals and demonstrates dose-dependent suppression of tyrosinase expression [1].