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Galanthamine hydrobromide (Galantamine hydrobromide), a long-acting and centrally active AChE inhibitor (IC50:410 nM), is an allosteric potentiator at neuronal nicotinic ACh receptors.

Anserine (L-Anserine) is a dipeptide containing β-alanine and histidine, which can be found in the skeletal muscle and brain of mammals and birds. Anserine is not cleaved by serum carnosinase and act as biochemical buffers, chelators, antioxidants, and anti-glycation agents. Anserine improves memory functions in Alzheimer's disease (AD)-model mice.

Phosphorylethanolamine (O-Phosphorylethanolamine) is a phosphomonoester metabolite of the phospholipid metabolism. Phosphorylethanolamine is a precursor of phospholipid synthesis and a product of phospholipid breakdown. Phosphomonoesters are present at much higher levels in the brain than in other organs. In developing the brain, phosphomonoesters are normally elevated during the period of neuritic proliferation. This also coincides with the occurrence of normal programmed cell death and synaptic pruning in developing the brain. These findings are consistent with the role of phosphomonoesters in membrane biosynthesis. Phosphorylethanolamine shows a strong structural similarity to the inhibitory neurotransmitter, GABA, and the GABAB receptor partial agonist, 3-amino-propylphosphonic acid. Phosphorylethanolamine is a phosphomonoester which is decreased in post-mortem Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain.

Xestospongin C ((-)-Xestospongin C) is a selective inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) inhibitor and also inhibits sarcoplasmic endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA). It has neuroprotective effects in APP PS1 AD mice, improving cognitive and pathological deficits associated with Alzheimer's disease.

(-)-Huperzine A (HupA) , an active Lycopodium alkaloid extracted from the traditional Chinese herb, is a potent, selective and reversible acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor and has been widely used in China for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Sinapine Thiocyanate, is a derivative of Sinapine (S486605), an alkaloidal amine found in black mustard seeds. It is the choline ester of Sinapic Acid (S486800). It is also a phenolic-chloine conjugates, acting as anti-oxidants and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, that can be used for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD).

saponaretin, an active component of many traditional Chinese medicines, shows various activities, such as anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-alzheimer disease (AD) effects and so on.

BChE-IN-11, a selective and non-competitive inhibitor of butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), demonstrates potent activity with an inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 2.1 μM. This compound is applicable in Alzheimer's disease (AD) research.

BChE-IN-10 (compound 6), isolated from Bletilla striata, is a potent mixed-type butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitor exhibiting an IC50 value of 6.4 μM. It is utilized in Alzheimer's disease (AD) research [1].

Bleformin A, a natural product isolated from Bletilla striata, serves as a potent butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitor, exhibiting an IC50 value of 5.2 μM. It is utilized in Alzheimer's disease (AD) research [1].

BChE-IN-12, also known as compound 12, is a potent non-competitive inhibitor of butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) with an IC50 value of 2.3 μM. Derived from Bletilla striata, it is utilised in research related to Alzheimer's disease (AD) [1].

Blestrin D, a potent mixed-type butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitor with an IC50 value of 8.1 μM, is isolated from Bletilla striata and has applications in Alzheimer's disease (AD) research [1].

AChE BChE-IN-11 (compound 1), a natural product derived from artichoke leaves, is a dual inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) with IC50 values of 70 μM and 71 μM, respectively. This compound is used in Alzheimer's disease (AD) research [1].

Methyl ganoderate A acetonide, a lanostane triterpene derived from the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma lucidum, serves as a potent acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor with an IC50 value of 18.35 μM, suggesting potential utility in Alzheimer's disease (AD) research [1].

8-Deoxygartanin is a butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) selective inhibitor, it exhibits significant inhibition of self-induced α2-amyloid (Aα2) aggregation, it has multifunctional activities against Alzheimer's disease (AD) and could be promising compounds for the therapy of AD.

Brassicasterol, as a metabolite of ergosterol, exhibits cardiovascular protective properties. This compound demonstrates antitumor effects in prostate cancer through dual targeting of AKT and androgen receptor signaling pathways. Brassicasterol shows inhibitory activity against HSV-1 (IC50=1.2 μM) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. By inhibiting sterol δ24-reductase, it delays atherosclerosis progression and has been identified as a cerebrospinal fluid biomarker for Alzheimer's disease.

Cassiaside is a naphthyl ketone glycoside that inhibits BACE1 (IC50= 4.45 μM; Ki=9.85 μM).Cassiaside exhibits significant hepatoprotective effects against galactosamine injury and has potential anti-Alzheimer's disease (AD) activity.

Hederacolchiside E has antioxidant activity and shows neuroprotective effects in Alzheimer's disease (AD) models via modulating oxidative stress. Hederacolchiside E exhibits inhibition on lipid peroxidation of linoleic acid emulsion. Hederacolchiside E ma

7-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-1-phenyl-4-hepten-3-one as a beneficial compound to ameliorate the deleterious effects of Aβ on dendrite integrity and cell survival, and may provide new insights on drug discovery of Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Derrubone, an isoflavone natural product derived from Derris robusta, is considered an effective Hsp90 inhibitor. It binds strongly to the CTD of Hsp90α and induces the degradation of tau proteins, which may be viewed as a potential treatment approach for Alzheimer's disease (AD).