disaccharide

Lactitol (Lactit) is a agent that acts on the gastrointestinal tract.

Sucrose (D-(+)-Saccharose) is a nonreducing disaccharide composed of glucose and fructose linked via their anomeric carbons.

Isomaltose (D-Isomaltose) is a reducing disaccharide, similar to maltose, but with an α-(1-6)-linkage instead of the α-(1-4)-linkage.

Lactose is a disaccharide derived from galactose and glucose that is found in milk.

D-(+)-Cellobiose (Cellobiose) is a disaccharide, a reducing sugar, consists of two β-glucose molecules linked by a β(1→4) bond. It can be hydrolyzed to glucose enzymatically or with acid.

D-Melibiose (Galalpha1-6Glcbeta) is a reducing disaccharide formed by an alpha-1, 6 linkage between galactose and glucose (D-Gal-α(1→6)-D-Glc).

Palatinose hydrate (6-O-α-D-Glucopyranosyl-D-fructose, Isoma) is a disaccharide having an α(1→6) linkage between D-glucose and D-fructose and is similar to sucrose in its physicochemical properties. It is produced from sucrose in some bacteria by the action of sucrose isomerase. In mammalian gut, palatinose is hydrolyzed and absorbed much more slowly than sucrose.

PALATINOSE (TNP-470) is a natural occurring disaccharide composed of alpha-1,6-linked glucose and fructose. PALATINOSE has a beneficial effect on liver metabolic functions and might therefore be a good substitute for sucrose as a sweetener.

D-(+)-Trehalose dihydrate (α,α-Trehalose dihydrate) is a natural α-linked disaccharide formed by an α, α-1, 1-glucoside bond between two α-glucose units.

Lactulose (Lactulosum) , a synthetic disaccharide , is used in the treatment of constipation and hepatic encephalopathy.

N-acetyl-D-Lactosamine (N-Acetyllactosamine) is a disaccharide consisting of galactose and N-acetylglucose, which is an important component of various oligosaccharides and can be used as a starting material for the synthesis of various oligosaccharides. N-acetyl-D-Lactosamine may be used as a structural element naturally in various sugar conjugates and can also be used to characterise lectins, which have probiotic effect.

Ivermectin B1a aglycone is an acid degradation product produced by hydrolysis of the disaccharide unit of ivermectin. It can inhibit nematode larval development, but does not cause paralytic activity.

6-O-beta-D-Galactopyranosyl-D-galactose, a disaccharide, is a constituent of the polysaccharide backbone characterized by beta-(1→6) glycoside linkages, with a side chain attached to the primary chain through a beta-(1→3) bond.

XYLOBIOSE ia a natural product,and exhibited therapeutic potential for treating obesity which involved suppression of fat deposition and obesity-related metabolic disorders.

Nigerose, a disaccharide identified in Acremonium, effectively maintains stability in HL-60 cells post-cryopreservation by preventing elevations in malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and inhibiting lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, when administered at a 150 µM concentration alongside the glycoside salidroside.

Lentztrehalose C, a disaccharide identified in Lentzea, exhibits autophagy-inducing activity. It effectively induces autophagy in MeWo melanoma and OVK18 ovarian cancer cells at a concentration of 100 mM.

Quercetin 3-O-sambubioside is a natural flavonoid and disaccharide derivative that scavenges free radicals thereby reducing cellular oxidative stress, stimulates nociceptors and increases spontaneous activity in mice.

Lentztrehalose A, a disaccharide microbial metabolite identified in Lentzea, exhibits a range of biological activities. This compound specifically inhibits M. smegmatis trehalase—an enzyme involved in trehalose metabolism—more effectively than trehalase from porcine kidney, with IC50 values of 0.67 mM and >20 mM, respectively. Additionally, Lentztrehalose A at a concentration of 100 mM promotes autophagy in MeWo melanoma and OVK18 ovarian cancer cells. When administered at 50 mg/kg daily, it enhances survival rates and impedes tumor growth in a Sarcoma 180 murine sarcoma model.

Lentztrehalose B, a microbial disaccharide metabolite isolated from Lentzea, exhibits a range of biological activities. At a concentration of 100 µM, it demonstrates antioxidant properties in an oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay. Furthermore, Lentztrehalose B at 10 mM inhibits porcine kidney trehalase, an enzyme involved in trehalose metabolism. Additionally, it induces autophagy in MeWo melanoma and OVK18 ovarian cancer cells when applied at 100 mM.

Copteroside G, a bisdesmosidic glycoside, is isolated from the epigeal part of Climacoptera transoxana [1].

Inulobiose, a difructan disaccharide isolated from Pistacia vera L., demonstrates inhibitory effects on α-glycosidase (α-glycosidase) and α-amylase (α-amylase) activities, with IC50 values of 1.87 and 40.72 mg mL respectively. It is utilized in research related to diabetes and glomerular filtration rate testing.

Epilactose is a disaccharide comprising galactose and mannose, with prebiotic properties. It significantly promotes the growth of butyrate-producing bacteria, enhances the production of butyrate, and holds potential functional benefits for human health.