cell proliferation

CFSE (CFDA-SE) is a fluorescent dye with cell membrane permeability. CFSE irreversibly binds to intracellular proteins in living cells and is used for the detection of cell proliferation. The labeled cells fluoresce in green color with excitation wavelength of 488 nm and emission wavelength of 518 nm.

Thiazolyl Blue (MTT) is a colorimetric compound extensively utilized to measure cell proliferation, transitioning from a yellow color to purple formazan in living cells.

4-Di-1-ASP is a positively charged fluorescent dye used to label glioma cells in live brain tissue and can also be used to observe mitochondria in live cells, with λex/λem = 475/606 nm.

4-Methylumbelliferyl heptanoate (4-Methylumbelliferyl enanthate) is a lipase fluorescent substrate that detects cell-mediated cytotoxicity and cell proliferation.

WST-1 is a cytotoxic, water-soluble tetrazolium salt that induces intracellular mitochondrial dehydrogenases to undergo NADH-dependent enzymatic reactions, releasing water-soluble methylbenzene products.WST-1 can be used to detect cell proliferation and cellular activity by assaying the uptake values, and can be used to determine superoxide dismutase activity in the WST-1 plate assay.

CMFDA is a cell-permeant fluorescent dye widely employed as a whole-cell-tracking reagent. Upon intracellular enzymatic conversion, it forms a stable, fluorescent adduct that allows long-term monitoring of cell proliferation, migration, and viability. CMFDA is particularly valuable in studies requiring sustained, non-toxic labeling of living cells for imaging and flow cytometry.

XTT is a cell-impermeable, negatively charged tetrazolium dye that produces a water-soluble formazan when reduced at the cell surface by cellular-derived NADH and an electron mediator [1,2]. It is frequently used in colorimetric assays to measure cell proliferation, cytotoxicity, and apoptosis [3].

PKH67 is a fluorescent cell-binding dye with green fluorescence, capable of staining cell membranes, with excitation/emission (Ex/Em) at 490/502 nm. It is often used in combination with the non-specific red fluorescent dye PKH26 (Ex/Em=551/567 nm) to label cells, detect cell proliferation in vitro, and trace cells both in vitro and in vivo [1] [2].