breast cancer

Gefitinib (ZD1839) is an EGFR first-generation inhibitor with oral activity that inhibits the EGFR 19 Del and L858R mutations. Gefitinib has antitumor activity and is used for the treatment of EGFR-mutated non-small-cell lung cancers. Gefitinib administration RESULTS in the development of the EGFR C797S resistance mutation.

Juglanin is a JNK activator. Juglanin with inflammation and anti-tumor activities. It can induce apoptosis and autophagy on human breast cancer cells.

Astragaloside IV (AS-IV), an active component isolated from Astragalus membranaceus, suppresses the activation of ERK1 2 and JNK, and downregulates matrix metalloproteases (MMP)-2, (MMP)-9 in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Astragaloside IV is a bioactive saponin first isolated from the dried plant roots of the genus Astragalus, which is used in traditional Chinese medicine.1 It dose-dependently inhibits human adenovirus type 3 (HAdV-3) in A549 cells (IC50 = 23 μM; LC50 = 865 μM).It inhibits replication of HAdV-3 and decreases HAdV-3-induced apoptosis. It has diverse protective effects for the cardiovascular, immune, digestive, and nervous systems. In particular, it reduces myocardial infarct size in dogs when administered prior to coronary ligation and reduces reperfusion arrhythmias in isolated rat hearts.

Tetramethylcurcumin is a novel curcumin analog, is an effective inhibitors of STAT3 phosphorylation, DNA binding activity, and transactivation in vitro.it also inhibits colony formation in soft agar, cell invasion, and exhibit synergy with the anti-cancer drug doxorubicin against breast cancer cells.

Pyoluteorin is an antibiotic that inhibits Oomycete fungi, including the plant pathogen Pythium ultimum, and suppresses related plant diseases. Additionally, Pyoluteorin induces apoptosis in human triple-negative breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) cells in vitro.

3-methoxy-9H-carbazole is a photosensitizer, a natural compound from Klauseneria heptaphylla and Klauseneria indica.3-methoxy-9H-carbazole has anti-breast cancer activity and induces apoptosis.

Norspermine is a polyamine analogue ,used in the treatment of non-small cell lung carcinoma and breast cancer.

Genistin (Genistoside) is the major isoflavonoid of soybeans and soy products.It has been reported to possess various therapeutic effects, including anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities

1. Berberine (Umbellatine) is a potent oral hypoglycemic agent with beneficial effects on lipid metabolism. 2. Berberine may as a broad-spectrum anti-microbial medicine, a complementary therapeutic agent for HIV AIDS. 3. Berberine seems to act as an herbal antidepressant and a neuroprotector against neurodegenerative disorders. 4. Berberine is used in histology for staining heparin in mast cells. As a natural dye, berberine has a colour index of 7516. 5. Berberine reduces hepatic fat content in rats with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; also prevents proliferation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), which are central for the development of fibrosis during liver injury. 6. Berberine can ameliorate proinflammatory cytokines-induced intestinal epithelial tight junction damage in vitro, and berberine may be one of the targeted therapeutic agents that can restore barrier function in intestinal disease states. 7. Berberine has antineoplastic effects, including breast cancer, leukemia, melanoma, epidermoid carcinoma, hepatoma, pancreatic cancer, oral carcinoma, tongue carcinoma, glioblastoma, prostate carcinoma and gastric carcinoma, etc.

Formononetin (Flavosil) is an O-methylated isoflavone and a phytoestrogen from the root of Astragalus membranaceus.

Silibinin (Silybin) is the major active constituent of silymarin, a standardized extract of the milk thistle seeds, containing a mixture of flavonolignans consisting of silibinin, isosilibinin, silicristin, silidianin and others. Silibinin itself is a mixture of two diastereomers, silybin A and silybin B, in approximately equimolar ratio. Both in vitro and animal research suggest that silibinin has hepatoprotective (antihepatotoxic) properties that protect liver cells against toxins. Silibinin has also demonstrated in vitro anti-cancer effects against human prostate adenocarcinoma cells, estrogen-dependent and -independent human breast carcinoma cells, human ectocervical carcinoma cells, human colon cancer cells, and both small and nonsmall human lung carcinoma cells.

Ethyl gallate (gallic acid ethyl ester) obviously decreases cell proliferation in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner, exhibits cytotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner. Ethyl gallate can inhibit the abilities of invasion of breast cancer in vitro by inhibiting the mRNA levels of MMP-9 MMP-2, phosphorylation of Akt and protein expression of NF-κB and inhibits hydrogen peroxide signaling, may represent an alternative class of vasopressors for use in septic shock. Also, Ethyl gallate suppresses proliferation and invasion in human breast cancer cells by modulating the PI3K Akt pathway, which may contribute to inhibiting their downstream targets such as NF-κB p-65, Bcl-2 Bax, and mRNA levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in breast cancer cells, could be used as potential antioxidants with safe therapeutic application in cancer chemotherapy.

Soy Isoflavone is extracted from the seeds of leguminous plants. The isoflavones in soybeans are natural phytoestrogens, which have good medicinal value and can reduce the incidence of breast cancer in women, relieve menopausal symptoms, and increase bone density.

Letrozole (CGS 20267) is an Aromatase Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of letrozole is as an Aromatase Inhibitor.

Hinokitiol (4-Isopropyltropolone) can inhibit ultraviolet B-induced apoptosis in keratinocytes and strongly suggest that the inhibitory mechanism is due to the antioxidant activity of metallothionein induced by the agent. Also, Hinokitiol modulates estrogen receptor signaling and inhibits proliferation of human breast cancer cells.

Nandrolone phenylpropionate (Nandrolone phenpropionate) is an androgen receptor agonist. It mainly used to treat women with breast cancer and osteoporosis

Docetaxel trihydrate (RP-56976 Trihydrate) is an antineoplastic agent that has a unique mechanism of action as an inhibitor of cellular mitosis and that currently plays a central role in the therapy of many solid tumor including breast and lung cancer. Therapy with docetaxel has been associated with a low rate of serum enzyme elevations and rarely to instances of acute hepatic necrosis generally due to severe hypersensitivity reactions or sepsis.

Beta-Sitosterol (SKF 14463) has recently been shown to induce G2 M arrest, endoreduplication, and apoptosis through the Bcl-2 and PI3K Akt signaling pathways. Beta-Sitosterol (SKF 14463) , a main dietary phytosterol found in plants, may have the potential for prevention and therapy for human cancer. Although the exact mechanism of action of Beta-Sitosterol (SKF 14463) is unknown, it may be related to cholesterol metabolism or anti-inflammatory effects (via interference with prostaglandin metabolism). Beta-Sitosterol (SKF 14463) induces apoptosis and activates key caspases in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells.

NMac1 (Nm23 activator 1) is a natural compound, cassumunene, derived from Zingiber cassumunar Roxb. and traditionally used as an anti-inflammatory agent in East Asia. NMac1 exhibits anti-metastatic potential by directly interacting with the C-terminal of Nm23-H1, activating its NDP kinase (NDPK) enzymatic activity in vitro. NMac1 inhibits breast cancer metastasis in vivo.

Anisodine is an inhibitor of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChR) with neuroprotective activity, used in research on multiple myeloma and metastatic breast cancer.

Lariciresinol is an enterolignan precursor, it possesses fungicidal activities by disrupting the fungal plasma membrane and therapeutic potential as a novel antifungal agent for the treatment of fungal infectious diseases in humans. Dietary lariciresinol

5α-Hydroxycostic acid, a naturally occurring sesquiterpene, inhibits choroidal neovascularization in rats through dual signaling pathways mediated by VEGF VEGFR and Ang2 Tie2 (angiopoietin 2), and exhibits anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic effects on human breast cancer cells

Coelenterazine is a superoxide anion-sensitive chemiluminescent probe that can be used to detect the chemiluminescence of peroxynitrite and can serve as a luminescent enzyme substrate for apoaequorin and Renilla luciferase.

Demethylzeylasteral (T-96), isolated from Tripterygium wilfordii, has anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive and anti-tumor activities. It inhibits the invasion of triple-negative breast cancer by blocking the TGF-β signaling pathway, and it can significantly reduce atherosclerosis.