adjuvant

BAY-1797 is an orally active and selective P2X4 antagonist (IC50: 211 nM against human P2X4) with anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects. BAY-1797 displays no or very weak activity on the other P2X ion channels.

Platycoside E (Platycodin E) is a platycodigenin-type saponin isolated from the root of Platycodon grandiflorum with haemolytic activity and adjuvant potential.

NS11394 is a effective and subtype-selective GABA(A) receptor-positive modulator; possesses a functional efficacy selectivity profile of α(5) > α(3) > α(2) > α(1) at GABA(A) alpha subunit-containing receptors.

Antibioticadjuvant 2 (compound 5q) is a potent antibiotic adjuvant that enhances the efficacy of polymyxins and exhibits low toxicity in mammals. The minimum resensitization concentration of Antibioticadjuvant 2 for Escherichia coli AR-0493 is 0.125 μg/mL.

Antibioticadjuvant 3 (compound 8g) is an antibiotic adjuvant that significantly enhances the activity of polymyxins and exhibits low toxicity in mammals. It has a minimum resensitization concentration of 0.25 μg/mL against Escherichia coli AR-0493.

Aluminum hydroxideadjuvant is a vaccine adjuvant. In vitro, aluminum hydroxideadjuvant can induce macrophages to differentiate into a novel type of mature, specialized antigen-presenting cells.

Aluminum phosphate adjuvant is a safe and effective adjuvant that activates the immune system and associated pathways in monocytes.

Antibioticadjuvant 4 (Compound 13) is an antibiotic adjuvant and efflux pump inhibitor. It exhibits strong inhibitory effects on efflux pumps. When used alone or in combination with antibiotics, Antibioticadjuvant 4 significantly downregulates virulence-associated genes in Staphylococcus aureus. Additionally, it enhances the efficacy of Ciprofloxacin against multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains.

Colistin adjuvant-2 is a compound that acts as a potentiation agent for colistin, effectively enhancing its activity against Gram-negative bacteria [1].

Colistin adjuvant-1 is a mucin adjuvant with enhanced mucin-enhancing activity against gram-negative bacteria. colistin adjuvant-1 exhibits inhibition of NF-κB (IC50: 0.209 μM).

Adjuvant-4 is a vaccine adjuvant that boosts antigen-specific antibody titers and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses. It typically functions as a water-in-oil emulsifier composed of mineral oil and sorbitan monooleate.

Vaccine adjuvant-1 is an adjuvant used in vaccines, consisting of an oil phase, an emulsifier, and water.

Antibioticadjuvant 1 (compound 3e) is an antibiotic adjuvant that exhibits insufficient antimicrobial activity on its own (MIC > 128 µg/mL), yet significantly enhances the effectiveness of Cloxacillin, boosting its activity by 66 times, demonstrating a synergistic effect.

Incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA) is an emulsified mineral oil-based immunostimulant that induces Th2 responses and enhances immune reactions, promoting storage effects at vaccination sites.

Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) is an emulsified immunostimulant containing mineral oil and heat-killed mycobacteria, capable of inducing Th1 responses and enhancing immune reactions. It is frequently employed in establishing rat models of rheumatoid arthritis and persistent inflammatory pain.

Trametinib (GSK1120212) is a MEK inhibitor that inhibits MEK1 and MEK2 (IC50=0.7/0.9 nM) with ATP non-competitive and oral activity. Trametinib activates autophagy and induces apoptosis.

Trametinib (DMSO solvate) (GSK-1120212 (DMSO solvate)) is a highly potent and selective MEK inhibitor that specifically inhibits MEK1/2 (IC50: 2 nM).

Aurantiamide acetate (Asperglaucide) was isolated from the fermentation broth of Aspergillus penicilloides for the first time. Aurantiamide acetate is a selective and orally active cathepsin inhibitor. Aurantiamide acetate has anti-inflammatory activities and can be used for the study of inflammatory diseases[1][2].

Pristane (2,6,10,14-tetramethylpentadecane) is a natural product from shark liver oil and a non-antigenic adjuvant.

Sodium lauryl sulfoacetate (Sodium houttuyfonate) is anti-pseudomonas agents, inhibits virulence-related motility of Pseudomonas.

Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (Poly(I:C)) is a synthetic double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) analog and an agonist of TLR3 as well as retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) and melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA5). It can induce innate immune responses in mammals and serve as a vaccine adjuvant to enhance both innate and adaptive immunity, while modulating the tumor microenvironment and directly inducing apoptosis in cancer cells. Poly(I:C) is commonly used to establish acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) animal models for studying immune responses and disease mechanisms.

Semustine, a DNA alkylating agent, is a cancer chemotherapy compound that is nephrotoxic in patients with malignant melanoma receiving adjuvant chemotherapy for the adjuvant treatment of leukemia.

AP-18 is a potent and selective TRPA1 inhibitor. AP-18 inhibits activation of TRPA1 induced by 50 μM Cinnamaldehyde with an IC50 of 3.1 μM and 4.5 μM for human and mouse TRPA1, respectively. AP-18 could reverse complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced mechanical hyperalgesia in mice. AP-18 could attenuate Yo-Pro uptake induced by 30 μM AITC in a concentration-dependent manner (IC50= 10.3 μM).

Iodofiltic acid can be used in the adjuvant treatment of acute coronary syndromes (Zeus ACS) and can be imaged to detect myocardial ischemia.