adjuvant

BAY-1797 is an orally active and selective P2X4 antagonist (IC50: 211 nM against human P2X4) with anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects. BAY-1797 displays no or very weak activity on the other P2X ion channels.

Platycoside E (Platycodin E) is a platycodigenin-type saponin isolated from the root of Platycodon grandiflorum with haemolytic activity and adjuvant potential.

NS11394 is a effective and subtype-selective GABA(A) receptor-positive modulator; possesses a functional efficacy selectivity profile of α(5) > α(3) > α(2) > α(1) at GABA(A) alpha subunit-containing receptors.

Antibioticadjuvant 2 (compound 5q) is a potent antibiotic adjuvant that enhances the efficacy of polymyxins and exhibits low toxicity in mammals. The minimum resensitization concentration of Antibioticadjuvant 2 for Escherichia coli AR-0493 is 0.125 μg/mL.

Antibioticadjuvant 3 (compound 8g) is an antibiotic adjuvant that significantly enhances the activity of polymyxins and exhibits low toxicity in mammals. It has a minimum resensitization concentration of 0.25 μg/mL against Escherichia coli AR-0493.

Aluminum hydroxideadjuvant is a vaccine adjuvant. In vitro, aluminum hydroxideadjuvant can induce macrophages to differentiate into a novel type of mature, specialized antigen-presenting cells.

Aluminum phosphate adjuvant is a safe and effective adjuvant that activates the immune system and associated pathways in monocytes.

Colistin adjuvant-2 is a compound that acts as a potentiation agent for colistin, effectively enhancing its activity against Gram-negative bacteria [1].

Colistin adjuvant-1 is a mucin adjuvant with enhanced mucin-enhancing activity against gram-negative bacteria. colistin adjuvant-1 exhibits inhibition of NF-κB (IC50: 0.209 μM).

Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) is an immunologic adjuvant emulsified with antigens, composed of heat-killed, inactivated Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a water-in-oil emulsion with paraffin oil. As a TLR ligand, it enhances the immune response to antigens in animals, induces Th1-type immune responses, and is commonly used to establish experimental models such as rheumatoid arthritis, persistent inflammatory pain, and experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) in rats.

Antibioticadjuvant 1 (compound 3e) is an antibiotic adjuvant that exhibits insufficient antimicrobial activity on its own (MIC > 128 µg/mL), yet significantly enhances the effectiveness of Cloxacillin, boosting its activity by 66 times, demonstrating a synergistic effect.

Adjuvant-4 is a vaccine adjuvant that boosts antigen-specific antibody titers and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses. It typically functions as a water-in-oil emulsifier composed of mineral oil and sorbitan monooleate.

Vaccine adjuvant-1 is an adjuvant used in vaccines, consisting of an oil phase, an emulsifier, and water.

Trametinib (GSK1120212) is a MEK inhibitor that inhibits MEK1 and MEK2 (IC50=0.7/0.9 nM) with ATP non-competitive and oral activity. Trametinib activates autophagy and induces apoptosis.

Semustine, a DNA alkylating agent, is a cancer chemotherapy compound that is nephrotoxic in patients with malignant melanoma receiving adjuvant chemotherapy for the adjuvant treatment of leukemia.

AP-18 is a potent and selective TRPA1 inhibitor. AP-18 inhibits activation of TRPA1 induced by 50 μM Cinnamaldehyde with an IC50 of 3.1 μM and 4.5 μM for human and mouse TRPA1, respectively. AP-18 could reverse complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced mechanical hyperalgesia in mice. AP-18 could attenuate Yo-Pro uptake induced by 30 μM AITC in a concentration-dependent manner (IC50= 10.3 μM).

Iodofiltic acid can be used in the adjuvant treatment of acute coronary syndromes (Zeus ACS) and can be imaged to detect myocardial ischemia.

5-OP-RU is a MAIT-activating ligand, the major antigen of MAIT cells, a mucosal adjuvant, induces efficient enrichment of mucosal-associated invariant T cells, and can be used to study Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections.

Flunarizine dihydrochloride (R14950) is a selective calcium entry blocker with calmodulin binding properties and histamine H1 blocking activity. Flunarizine dihydrochloride (R14950) is effective in the prophylaxis of migraine, occlusive peripheral vascular disease, vertigo of central and peripheral origin, and as an adjuvant in the therapy of epilepsy.

Aluminum Hydroxide is an orally active primary form of aluminum used as an adjuvant. Research on aluminum hydroxide-based adjuvants includes examining its repository effect, pro-phagocytic effect, and activation of the pro-inflammatory NLRP3 pathway.

Methoxyamine HCl (Methoxyamine) covalently binds to apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) DNA damage sites and inhibits base excision repair (BER), which may result in an increase in DNA strand breaks and apoptosis. Methoxyamine is an orally bioavailable small molecule inhibitor with potential adjuvant activity. This agent may potentiate the anti-tumor activity of alkylating agents.

Folinic acid (Leucovorin) is a biofolate used in the treatment of methotrexate (MTX) toxicity reduction and as an adjuvant therapy for colon cancer.

1. Cinnamaldehyde (Cinnamic Aldehyde) has antipyretic activity. 2. Cinnamaldehyde is a sedative agent. 3. Cinnamaldehyde inhibits invasive capabilities of MDA-MB-435S cells was correlated with down-regulating the expression of miR-27a. 4. Cinnamaldehyde induces the generation of reactive oxygen species and exerts vasodilator and anticancer effects. 5. Cinnamaldehyde appears to be a promising candidate as an adjuvant in combination therapy with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and oxaliplatin (OXA), two chemotherapeutic agents used in CRC treatment. The possible mechanisms of its action may involve the regulation of drugmetabolizing genes. 6. Cinnamaldehyde plays a certain role in inhibiting the occurrence and progression of melanoma and its action mechanism may be manifested by inhibiting expression of VEGF and HIF-α, thus blood vessel simulation and formation of new blood vessels of melanoma cells, and growth of tumors accordingly.

Trametinib (DMSO solvate) (GSK-1120212 (DMSO solvate)) is a highly potent and selective MEK inhibitor that specifically inhibits MEK1/2 (IC50: 2 nM).