acetoacetic acid

Acetoacetic acid (3-oxobutanoic acid) is a β-keto acid and oxidative stress inducer, produced in the body when poor hepatic metabolism leads to excessive catabolism of fatty acids, is involved in the process of gluconeogenesis, and can be used as an indicator of in ketoacidosis.

Acetoacetic acid lithium salt (Lithium 3-Oxobutyrate) is a weak organic acid that can be produced in the human liver under certain conditions of poor Metabolism leading to excessive fatty acid breakdown (diabetes mellitus leading to diabetic ketoacidosis).

Acetoacetic acid sodium salt is a metabolite of non-esterified fatty acids, involved in the development of human diabetes.

4-methyl-2-Oxovalerate sodium salt is a product generated from leucine catalyzed by transaminase and promotes insulin secretion. It can be oxidatively degraded into acetyl-CoA and acetoacetic acid, or regenerate leucine via transamination with glutamate while producing α-ketoglutarate.