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Ecdysone is a major steroid hormone in insects and herbs. Ecdysone triggers mineralocorticoid receptor activation and induces cellular apoptosis. Ecdysone signaling through Ecdysone receptor isoform B1 is required cell autonomously for the muscle death.

Staurosporine (AM-2282) is a protein kinase inhibitor with ATP-competitive and non-selective inhibitory activity (IC50=6 15 2 3 3000 nM) against PKC, PKA, c-Fgr, phosphorylase kinase and TAOK2. Staurosporine also induces apoptosis.

Hygromycin B (Hygrovetine) is an aminoglycoside antibiotic that inhibits protein synthesis by interfering with translocation and causing mistranslation of the 70S ribosome. Hygromycin B can be used to screen prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells transfected with hph or hyg resistance genes.

Palmatine chloride an isoquinoline alkaloid, is an important medicinal herbal extract with diverse pharmacological and biological properties.

Trichostatin A (TSA), a natural derivative of diene isohydroxamic acids, is a specific and reversible histone deacetylase inhibitor (IC50=1.8 nM) that induces hyperacetylation of core histones to regulate chromatin structure.

Valproic Acid (2-Propylpentanoic Acid) is an HDAC inhibitor that inhibits HDAC1 activity, induces HDAC2 degradation, and is orally active. Valproic Acid can be used in epilepsy and bipolar disorder research.

20(S)-Hydroxycholesterol (20α-Hydroxycholesterol) is an allosteric activator of the oncoprotein smoothened (Smo).

Cafedrine (Cafedrin) is found in tea and coffee and has a central nervous system stimulant effect.Cafedrine is often used in a 20:1 combination with a fixed dose of cortisone in the study of acute hypotension.

1-Methoxycarbonyl-β-carboline (1-Methoxycarbonyl-beta-carboline) is an alkaloid from Ailanthus altissima.

Isopulegol has antioxidant, and neuroactive properties. It also has gastroprotective effects induced by isopulegol appear to be mediated, at least in part, by endogenous prostaglandins, K+ATP channel opening and antioxidant proprieties related to GSH incr

18β-Glycyrrhetinic acid (Enoxolone) is the major bioactive component of Glycyrrhizae Radix and possesses anti-ulcerative, anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative properties.

Ellagic acid (Gallogen), a thickened tetracyclic natural product, is a potent CK2 inhibitor (IC50=40 nM; Ki=20 nM) with ATP-competitive properties. Ellagic acid is an antioxidant and also possesses antiproliferative activity.

Diammonium Glycyrrhizinate (Glycyrrhizin) , an extensively used anti-inflammatory agent, is isolated from the licorice root. It is metabolized to glycyrrhetinic acid, which inhibits 11-β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and other enzymes involved in the metabolism of corticosteroids. Therefore, glycyrrhizic acid, the main and sweet component of licorice, has been studied for its ability to cause hypermineralocorticoidism with potassium loss and sodium retention, edema, increased blood pressure, as well as inhibited the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.

Myricetin (Cannabiscetin) is a natural flavonoid and MEK1 inhibitor. Myricetin has hypoglycemic, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory activities.

D-Galactose (Alpha-D-galactose) is an aldohexose that exists naturally in the D-form in lactose, cerebrosides, gangliosides, and mucoproteins and is converted enzymatically into D-glucose for metabolism or polysaccharides for storage. It accelerates senescence in invertebrates and mammals and has been used as a model for aging.

Monobutyl phthalate, the main metabolite of dibutyl phthalate, is an embryotoxin with antiandrogenic properties.

Isoliquiritigenin (ISL) is a flavonoid natural product that inhibits influenza virus replication (EC50=24.7 μM) and aldose reductase activity (IC50=320 nM). Isoliquiritigenin has antitumor activity.

Urea (Carbonyldiamide) is formed in the liver from ammonia produced by the deamination of amino acids. It is the principal end metabolite of protein catabolism and accounts for about one-half of the total urinary solids.

Tannic acid (Gallotannic acid) is a novel hERG channel blocker.

Pregnenolone (Arthenolone) is an endogenous steroid hormone synthesized from cholesterol, used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

D-Glucose (Glucopyranose) is a monosaccharide, a natural glucose, a sweetener. D-Glucose is the main functional substance of living organisms, and is used as a nutrient in medicine, with diuretic, detoxification and cardiotonic effects.

Hesperidin (Cirantin) is a flavanone glycoside found in citrus fruits with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, and antihypertensive and lipid-lowering activity.

Cyanocobalamin is a cobalt-containing coordination compound generated by intestinal microbes and a natural water-soluble vitamin of the B-complex family that must combine with Intrinsic Factor for absorption by the intestine. Cyanocobalamin is necessary for hematopoiesis, neural metabolism, DNA, and RNA production, and carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism. B12 improves iron functions in the metabolic cycle and assists folic acid in choline synthesis. B12 metabolism is interconnected with that of folic acid. Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) deficiency causes pernicious anemia, megaloblastic anemia, and neurologic lesions.

Biotin (Vitamin H) is a water-soluble B-vitamin and is necessary for cell growth, the production of fatty acids, and the metabolism of fats and amino acids.