(±) jasmonic acid

(±)-Jasmonic acid (trans-Jasmonic acid) is a compound found in grapevine inflorescences and fruits with pro-aging activity, inhibiting chlorophyll levels in green and yellowing barley leaf segments, suppressing rice seedling elongation, and participating in biogenic amine chemical coupling through decarboxylation with both aliphatic and aromatic α-amino acids.

Jasmonic acid (JA) is a phytohormone and plant growth regulator involved in plant defense and growth and development.Jasmonic acid plays an important role in signaling, inducing the MAP kinase cascade pathway and calcium channels.

(±)-7-epiJasmonic acid, the primary metabolite in the 12-oxo phytodienoic acid pathway of 13(S)-hydroperoxy linolenic acid metabolism in plants, is synthesized initially as the more active (+)-7-epijasmonic acid. It quickly epimerizes to the more stable (−)-7-jasmonic acid isomer, demonstrating its biological relevance. Acting as a plant growth regulator, (±)-7-epiJasmonic acid triggers various signal transduction pathways, which can either promote growth or inhibit it, likely as a response to stress conditions.

Prohydrojasmon racemate (Propyl dihydrojasmonate) is a synthesized plant gowth regulator, which has jasmonic acid activity.

Jarin-1, a jasmonic acid-amido synthetase (JAR1) inhibitor (IC50: 3.8 μM), specifically suppresses bioactive JA biosynthesis in Arabidopsis and other plants.

Herbicidal agent 4 (compound V-2) is an oxidative herbicide. It can upregulate defense genes and increase jasmonic acid levels, suggesting it may also function as an immune activator.

(±)-Jasmonic-L-isoleucine ((±)-JA-L-Ile) is a conjugate of the plant hormone jasmonic acid and the amino acid isoleucine, representing the active form in the jasmonic acid signaling pathway. (±)-Jasmonic-L-isoleucine regulates various biological processes in plants, including defense responses, growth and development, and stress adaptation.

12-Oxo phytodienoic acid (12-oxo PDA) is an endogenous signal converter that increases alkaloid biosynthesis in E. californica cell cultures, increases b. dioica tendril curls, And inhibited jasmonic acid-induced programmed cell death in conditioned A. fru mutants.

13(S)-HpOTrE is a monohydroperoxy polyunsaturated fatty acid produced in soybeans by the action of soybean LO-2 on esterified α-linolenic acid.[1] Incubation of soybean seedling biomembranes with soybean LO-2 catalyzes the formation of both 9- and 13-HpOTrE in a molar ratio of 10:1.1 In plants, 13(S)-HpOTrE can be metabolized by the hydroperoxide lyase pathway producing aldehyde and oxoacid fragments, or by the hydroperoxide dehydratase pathway producing jasmonic acid.[2],[3],[4] Treatment of tomato leaves with 13-HpOTrE causes induction of proteinase inhibitors, simulating the normal response to wounding.5 This data suggests that in plants 13(S)-HpOTrE may participate in a lipid-based signalling system initiated by insect and pathogen attack.

Methyl 2-(3-oxo-2-(pent-2-en-1-yl)cyclopentyl)acetate ((±)-Jasmonic Acid methyl ester) induces the synthesis of proteinase inhibitors in plant leaves, suppresses proliferation, and induces apoptosis in cancer cells. It inhibits hexokinase bound to mitochondria, disrupting mitochondrial hexokinase activity to selectively target and kill cancer cells. Derivatives of Methyl 2-(3-oxo-2-(pent-2-en-1-yl)cyclopentyl)acetate also exhibit potential as anti-inflammatory agents, and the compound has been primarily detected in urine.

Coronatine is a toxin and plant growth regulator produced by a bacterium, Pseudomonas syringae, which is structurally similar to jasmonic acid and is able to bind and activate the jasmonic acid receptor, COI1, to inhibit salicylic acid-dependent defense responses; it is also able to promote bacterial invasion and reproduction through stomata.

Jasmonyl-ACC (JA-ACC), a derivative of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC)—the direct precursor to ethylene—impedes root growth in Arabidopsis, with this effect being independent of jasmonic acid (JA) signaling [1].

1dinor-12-oxo-Phytodienoic acid (dinor-OPDA) serves as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of jasmonic acid from hexadecatrienoic acid, playing a crucial role in the jasmonate pathway in plants. This pathway oxygenates and modifies certain unsaturated fatty acids to produce plant hormones critical for processes such as senescence, flower development, mechanotransduction, and response to herbivory. Additionally, dinor-OPDA can be incorporated into glycerolipids and galactolipids, including specific arabidopsides.

(±)-Tuberonic acid, a derivative of the plant growth regulator jasmonic acid, is present in M. oleifera.

NP-005497 is a natural inhibitor of jasmonic acid signaling, specifically targeting JAR1 in Arabidopsis.

7(Z),10(Z),13(Z)-Hexadecatrienoic acid (Roughanic acid) is an ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) located in the leaves of S. olusatrum. This compound serves as an intermediate in the synthesis of Jasmonic acid.