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Plerixafor (AMD-3329), a chemokine receptor antagonist, blocks the binding of stromal cell-derived factor (SDF-1alpha) to the cellular receptor CXCR4.

HhAntag is a small molecule inhibitor of GLI1-mediated transcription, an essential down-stream element of the Hedgehog (Hh) pathway with the anti-tumor activity.

Eudesmin shows antiinflammatory, neuritogenic, anticonvulsant and sedative effects, the mechanism of eudesmin may be related to up-regulation of GABAA and GAD65 expressions, and anti-apoptosis of neuron the in brain.50 microM (+)-eudesmin can induce neurite outgrowth and enhance nerve growth factor (NGF)-mediated neurite outgrowth from PC12 cells by stimulating up-stream MAPK, PKC and PKA pathways.

Cytosolic phospholipase A2α (cPLA2α) specifically catalyzes the hydrolysis of arachidonic acid from thesn-2-ester position of membrane phospholipids, playing a central role in initiating the synthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes, both important mediators of the inflammatory process.1CAY10641 is an inactive alcohol derivative of a highly potent (IC50= 12 nM) cPLA2α inhibitor.2The parent compound demonstrates strong anti-inflammatory effects when applied topically at a dose of 0.1 mg/ear in a mouse model of acute irritant contact dermatitis.2CAY10641 is rapidly cleared from the blood stream (only 0.5 μg/ml remains 30 minutes after 10 mg/kg intravenous administration to mice).2However, no other biological effects have been reported. 1.Schaloske, R.H., and Dennis, E.A.The phospholipase A2 superfamily and its group numbering systemBiochemica et Biophysica Acta17611246-1259(2006) 2.Drews, A., Bovens, S., Roebrock, K., et al.1-(5-carboxyindol-1-yl)propan-2-one inhibitors of human cytosolic phospholipase A2α with reduced lipophilicity: Synthesis, biological activity, metabolic stability, solubility, bioavailability, and topical in vivo activityJournal of Medicinal Chemistry535165-5178(2010)

1. Nardosinone has inhibitory effect on Ang II-induced hypertrophy in H9c2 cells, might be mediated by targeting PI3K Akt and MEK ERK signaling pathways. 2. Nardosinone could protect against the neuronal injury exposed to OGD, which may be relevant to the