sensitizer

Methyl Aminolevulinate Hydrochloride (5-Aminolevulinic acid methyl ester) is commonly used in photosentizer reagents for photodynamic therapy to treat conditions such as Acne vulgaris and hypertrophic scarring.

Nimorazole (Nimorazol) is a nitroimidazole anti-infective.

MSDC 0160 (CAY10415) is a prototype mTOT-modulating insulin sensitizer being used in trials studying the treatment of Type 2 Diabetes and Alzheimer's Disease.

Pinoresinol ((+)-Pinoresinol) has antiinflammatory, hepatoprotective, and fungicidal activities, it can protect pial microcirculation from I-reperfusion injury, to increase nitric oxide release and to reduce oxidative stress preserving pial blood flow distribution; it may exert pharmacologically interesting effects via modulation of the insulin-like signalling pathway in C.elegans. Pinoresinol causes an upregulation of the CDK inhibitor p21(WAF1/Cip1) both at mRNA and protein levels, inhibits NF-kappaB and activating protein 1 (AP-1).

Insulin sensitizer C59 is an orally available insulin sensitizer that improves glucose uptake and can be used to study insulin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation.

Photosensitizer-3, a photosensitizer that generates single-linear oxygen upon near-infrared light excitation in combination with FAP, exhibited potent and selective killing of transfected HEK cells and affibody-targeted A431 cancer cells.

Photosensitizer-2 (compound 1), an organic D-π-A sensitizer, exhibits antitumor properties and potent phototoxicity due to an acrylic acid moiety. It demonstrates significant activity against HeLa cells, with IC 50 values of 20.9 ± 4.5 μM (dark) and 0.046 ± 0.012 μM (irradiation) [1].

Antitumor photosensitizer-7 (compound 15), a photosensitizer possessing anti-cancer properties, demonstrates substantial cytotoxic effects on the G361 melanoma cell line when exposed to 414 nm blue light irradiation.

Antitumor agent-187 (compound I3), a photosensitizer derived from 5,15-diarylporphyrin, exhibits anticancer activity with a peak absorption wavelength of ~668 nm. This compound induces apoptosis and is applicable in photodynamic therapy (PDP). It selectively accumulates in tumor sites and possesses real-time fluorescence imaging capabilities.

Photosensitizer-5, a photodynamic agent, exhibits cytotoxicity towards HeLa and HepG2 cells, with IC50 values of 10.4 nM and 6.9 nM, respectively. It induces cell death through lipid peroxidation via an iron-independent ferroptosis pathway. Additionally, Photosensitizer-5 displays antitumor activity in HeLa-tumor-bearing mice.

Photosensitizer-6 (Compound 4) is a metal ion complex that inhibits TrxR. It induces apoptosis in 4T1 cells, targeting cancer cells and eliminating tumors through chemophototherapy and immunogenic cell death under illumination. Additionally, Photosensitizer-6 can be utilized for tumor imaging.

Type-I/-II Photosensitizer-1 (compound 8b) is a photosensitizer with anticancer properties. It exhibits significant phototoxicity against A549 and 4T1 tumor cells. Under laser irradiation, Type-I/-II Photosensitizer-1 demonstrates strong oxygen-independent antitumor activity with an IC50 ranging from 1.50 to 1.76 μM.

Antitumor photosensitizer-5 (Ru2) is an effective photosensitizing agent that targets tumor mitochondria, with an IC50 of 0.3 μM for phototoxicity against A549 cells. Upon exposure to 460 nm light, it induces reactive oxygen species production and NADH depletion, leading to mitochondrial damage, caspase-3 activation, apoptosis induction, and inhibition of cell migration. Antitumor photosensitizer-5 shows potential for preventing malignant tumor growth and may be applicable in photodynamic therapy.

Antitumor photosensitizer-9 is a near-infrared photosensitizer (PS) with a high singlet oxygen production rate (relative rate = 1.79). It demonstrates significant phototoxicity against various cancer cells by inducing ROS generation under light exposure. In vivo, it inhibits tumor growth effectively and exhibits excellent anticancer photodynamic therapy (PDT) effects at low drug and light doses. Antitumor photosensitizer-9 is suitable for photodynamic therapy research.

Photosensitizer-7 is a photosensitizer (PS) that targets the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) with absorption and emission wavelengths at λab= 610 nm and λem= 622 nm, respectively. Under illumination, it shows an IC50 of 4.006 μM in HeLa cells and 3.28 μM in MCF-7 cells. Photosensitizer-7 is taken up by cells in a dose-dependent manner and primarily colocalizes with the ER. Light exposure induces dose-dependent intracellular ROS generation, reduces mitochondrial membrane potential, and increases apoptosis. Furthermore, Photosensitizer-7 significantly inhibits tumor growth in MCF-7 tumor-bearing mice, making it a valuable candidate for photodynamic anti-cancer research applications.

Antimicrobial Photosensitizer-1 demonstrates significant potential as an effective agent for treating infections caused by pathogenic microorganisms, with notable antimicrobial efficacy observed in S. aureus-infected mouse wound models [1].

Antitumor Photosensitizer-3 (Compound I), a chlorin derivative, effectively induces apoptosis and necrosis in tumor cells upon exposure to 650 nm laser irradiation. This compound demonstrates reduced skin phototoxicity compared to the positive reference m-THPC in vivo [1].

Photosensitizer-1 (Compound CLB-13) is a photosensitizer [1] .

Photosensitizer-1 (Compound CLB-13) hydrochloride is a photosensitizer [1].

Antitumor Photosensitizer-4 (compound 10b), a conjugate of dasatinib and imatinib, serves as a potent tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) targeting ABCG2. This photosensitizer (PS) induces apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, while demonstrating significant phototoxicity against both HepG2 and B16-F10 cells [1].

Compound PS-I (Photosensitizer-4) is an effective photosensitizer that can efficiently kill cancer cells and inhibit tumor growth under light exposure.

Compound Ru2 (Antitumor photosensitizer-6) exhibits synergistic type I/II photosensitization and photocatalytic activities under illumination at 595 nm. It causes oxidative redox imbalance within cells, affecting biosynthesis and metabolic processes, leading to cell apoptosis (Apoptosis). Compound Ru2 is applicable in studies of photodynamic therapy (PDT).

Rosiglitazone (BRL49653) is a PPARγ agonist, TRPC5 activator, and TRPM3 inhibitor with oral activity. Rosiglitazone is also a hypoglycemic agent and a thiazolidinedione insulin sensitizer.

Valspodar (PSC 833), a specific P-glycoprotein inhibitor and MDR regulator, is commonly used as a chemical sensitizer in the study of advanced epithelial ovarian cancer.