pro 4

(2R,4S)-Boc-D-Pro(4-N3)-OH is a click chemistry reagent possessing an azide group. This compound is capable of undergoing copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reactions (CuAAc) with molecules containing alkyne groups. Additionally, it can participate in strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition reactions (SPAAC) with compounds that have DBCO or BCN groups.

(2R,4R)-Fmoc-D-Pro(4-N3)-OH (cis-4-Azido-N-Fmoc-D-proline) is a click chemistry reagent that contains an azido group.

(2R,4R)-Boc-D-Pro(4-N3)-OH is a click chemistry reagent that contains an azido group.

(2S,4S)-Fmoc-L-Pro(4-NHPoc)-OH is a click chemistry reagent containing an azide group.

(2S,4S)-H-L-Pro(4-N3)-OH is a click chemistry reagent featuring an azide group. Click chemistry holds immense potential for creating bonds between nucleic acids, lipids, proteins, and other molecules, and is utilized across various research domains due to its high yield, specificity, and simplicity.

(2R,4S)-H-D-Pro(4-N3)-OH is a click chemistry reagent characterized by its azide group. This compound can participate in copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reactions (CuAAc) with molecules that contain alkyne groups. Additionally, it undergoes strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition reactions (SPAAC) with molecules featuring DBCO or BCN groups.

(2S,4R)-Fmoc-L-Pro(4-N3)-OH is a click chemistry reagent that features an azide group capable of undergoing copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reactions (CuAAc) with molecules containing an alkyne group. It can also participate in strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition reactions (SPAAC) with molecules containing DBCO or BCN groups. This compound is a useful tool for bioconjugation in chemical synthesis and drug development.

(2R,4S)-Fmoc-D-Pro(4-N3)-OH is a click chemistry reagent that incorporates an azide group.

(2R,4R)-H-D-Pro(4-N3)-OH (hydrochloride) is a click chemistry reagent featuring an azide group that enables it to undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reactions (CuAAc) with molecules containing alkyne groups. Additionally, it can participate in strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition reactions (SPAAC) with molecules that have DBCO or BCN groups.

(2S,4R)-H-L-Pro(4-N3)-OH is a click chemistry reagent containing an azido group. It is used in various biochemical research applications.

Cyclo(L-Leu-trans-4-hydroxy-L-Pro) is a natural product from Phellinus igniarius.

Cyclo(L-Phe-trans-4-hydroxy-L-Pro) (Cyclo(L-phenylalanyl-trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline)) is a natural product found in Phellinus igniarius.

Dovramilast (CC-11050) is an orally active phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor that reduces the production of pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines. Dovramilast is used in the study of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections and lupus erythematosus.

Diclofenac (Diclofenacum) is a nonsteroidal benzeneacetic acid derivative with anti-inflammatory activity. Diclofenac binds and chelates both isoforms of cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and-2), thereby blocking the conversion of arachidonic acid to pro-inflammatory-proprostaglandins.

1. Linalool (Linalol), a natural compound of the essential oils, has been shown to have antinociceptive, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties. 2. Linalool was protected against LPS GalN-induced liver injury through induction of antioxidant defense via Nrf2 activating and reduction inflammatory response via NF-κB inhibition. 3. Linalool biosynthesis and accumulation might be involved in plant defense against bacterial and fungal pathogens and be associated with field resistance to citrus canker. 4. Linalool significantly increased the expression of antioxidant enzymes regulated by Nrf-2 and diminished lung tissue levels of several pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-6.

1. Methyl eugenol (4-allylveratrole) is a natural constituent of the essential oils of a number of plants widely used in foodstuffs as flavouring agents, in view of the carcinogenic potential of ME, the need to check its presence in food products with effective analytical methods. 2. Methyleugenol has insecticidal properties. 3. Methyleugenol can inhibit the production of nitric oxide and decreased the protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, it down-regulates the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the ischemic brain as well as in immunostimulated mixed glial cells; indicates that methyleugenol could be useful for the treatment of ischemia inflammation-related diseases. 4. Methyleugenol has cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. 5. Intravenous (i.v.) treatment with methyleugenol (ME) in either anesthetized or conscious rats elicits hypotension, an effect that seems related to an active vascular relaxation rather than withdrawal of sympathetic tone. 6. Methyleugenol has antinociceptive effect on the second phase of formalin-induced pain, may be due to the inhibition of N-methyl-d-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor-mediated hyperalgesia via GABA(A) receptors. 7. Methyleugenol has elaxant and antispasmodic actions on guinea-pig isolated ileum.

Ac-Ala-OH (N-Acetyl-L-alanine) is a substrate for Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I) G(S) G(O) gamma-2 subunit, Myelin basic protein, GTP-binding nuclear protein Ran, Tropomyosin alpha 4 chain, HIV-1 Rev binding protein 2, Xaa-Pro dipeptidase, Thymosin beta-10, Actin-like protein 3, Alanine aminotransferase, Serine threonine protein Phosphatase PP1-beta catalytic subunit,10 kDa heat shock protein (mitochondrial), Calmodulin and Beta-1-syntrophin.

1. 2,5-Dihydroxyacetophenone (Quinacetophenone) possess anti-anxiety, and neuroprotective qualities. 2. 2,5-Dihydroxyacetophenone (Quinacetophenone) reatment can induce a sustained activation of JNK, ERK1 2, and p38 MAPKs, it also can potentiate the pro-apoptotic and anti-proliferative effects of bortezomib in U266 cells. 3. 2,5-Dihydroxyacetophenone (Quinacetophenone) has anti-inflammatory activity in activated macrophages, raising the possibility that this compound has a therapeutic potential for inflammatory conditions. 4. 2,5-Dihydroxyacetophenone (Quinacetophenone) is an uncompetitive inhibitor of murine tyrosinase (K(I) 0.28mm), it strongly inhibits both melanogenesis and cellular tyrosinase activity in vitro in 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthin-stimulated B16 mouse melanoma cells or in vivo in zebrafish and mouse models.

Talabostat (PT100, Val-boroPro) is a potent, nonselective and orally available dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitor with a Ki of 0.18 nM. Talabostat is a nonselective DPP-IV inhibitor, inhibiting DPP8 9, FAP, DPP2 and some other DASH family enzymes essentially as potently as it inhibits DPP-IV[1]. Talabostat stimulates the immune system by triggering a proinflammatory form of cell death in monocytes and macrophages known as pyroptosis. The inhibition of two serine proteases, DPP8 and DPP9, activates the proprotein form of caspase-1 independent of the inflammasome adaptor ASC[2]. Talabostat competitively inhibits the dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP) activity of FAP and CD26 DPP-IV, and there is a high-affinity interaction with the catalytic site due to the formation of a complex between Ser630 624 and the boron of talabostat[3]. Talabostat can stimulate immune responses against tumors involving both the innate and adaptive branches of the immune system. In WEHI 164 fibrosarcoma and EL4 and A20 2J lymphoma models, PT-100 causes regression and rejection of tumors. The antitumor effect appears to involve tumor-specific CTL and protective immunological memory. Talabostat treatment of WEHI 164-inoculated mice increases mRNA expression of cytokines and chemokines known to promote T-cell priming and chemoattraction of T cells and innate effector cells[3]. Talabostat treated mice show significant less fibrosis and FAP expression is reduced. Upon PT100 treatment, significant differences in the MMP-12, MIP-1α, and MCP-3 mRNA expression levels in the lungs are also observed. Treatment with PT100 in this murine model of pulmonary fibrosis has an anti-fibro-proliferative effect and increases macrophage activation[4]. [1]. Connolly BA, et al. Dipeptide boronic acid inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase IV: determinants of potencyand in vivo efficacy and safety. J Med Chem. 2008 Oct 9;51(19):6005-13. [2]. Okondo MC, et al. DPP8 and DPP9 inhibition induces pro-caspase-1-dependent monocyte and macrophage pyroptosis. Nat Chem Biol. 2017 Jan;13(1):46-53. [3]. Adams S, et al. PT-100, a small molecule dipeptidyl peptidase inhibitor, has potent antitumor effects and augments antibody-mediated cytotoxicity via a novel immune mechanism. Cancer Res. 2004 Aug 1;64(15):5471-80. [4]. Egger C, et al. Effects of the fibroblast activation protein inhibitor, PT100, in a murine model of pulmonary fibrosis. Eur J Pharmacol. 2017 Aug 15;809:64-72.

CB2R FAAH modulator-1, a cannabinoid type 2 receptor (CB2R) agonist, is also a fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitor (IC50=4 μM) that reduces the production of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines and is commonly used in inflammation studies. The Kis for CB2R and CB1R are 14.8 nM and 241.3 nM, respectively.

Stercobilin hydrochloride (mixture of isomers) is a bile pigment metabolized by intestinal bacteria and also acts as an inhibitor of HIV protease (HIVProtease) with a Ki of 4 μM. This compound can induce pro-inflammatory activity in mouse macrophage RAW264 cells, including the production of TNF-α and IL-1β. Stercobilin hydrochloride (mixture of isomers) is utilized in research on inflammation and viral infections.

4 -C18 EGCG is an effective inhibitor of α-amylase and α-glucosidase, with IC50 values of 3.74 μM and 0.81 μM respectively. It inhibits carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes, reducing oxidative stress and inflammation, and demonstrates anti-diabetic activity. Additionally, 4 -C18 EGCG downregulates pro-inflammatory cytokines and exhibits cytotoxicity at 50 μM in primary human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), and non-cancerous cell lines 3T3-L1 and HEK 293.

DiABZI-4 is an orally active STING agonist that exhibits broad-spectrum antiviral activity. It functions by activating STING to induce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and activation of lymphocytes. This action inhibits the replication of Influenza A virus (IAV), SARS-CoV-2, and Human Rhinovirus (HRV), with an EC50 range of 11.8-199 nM.

4''-C18 EGCG is an effective inhibitor of α-amylase and α-glucosidase, with IC50 values of 3.74 and 0.81 μM, respectively. This compound suppresses carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes, reduces oxidative stress and inflammation, and exhibits anti-diabetic activity. Moreover, 4''-C18 EGCG downregulates pro-inflammatory cytokines and demonstrates cytotoxicity at 50 μM against primary human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), as well as non-cancerous cell lines 3T3-L1 and HEK 293.