phytotoxic

Homodihydrocapsaicin I is a natural product from Capsicum annuum L.

Methyl 2,4-dihydroxyphenylacetate is a natural product isolated from Nigella damascena seeds with selective phytotoxic effects.

Simazine (Tafazine) is a chlorotriazine herbicide and pesticide. Simazine may lead to testicular degeneration, neuroendocrine disruption, mammary cancer, and fetal developmental delays.

Tulipalin A (α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone) (2-Methylenebutyrolactone) which has some phytotoxicity is a natural compound extracted from Tulipa gesneriana.

Alternariol is a natural product extracted from Etoac that demonstrates anti-inflammatory activity in vitro and in vivo in murine hepatoma cells and in human serum, with additional effects on toll-like receptor signaling and regulation of pro-apoptotic protein expression. Alternariol has been shown to be inactive against methyl transferase enzymes, a feature relevant to its metabolic inactivation profile.

Apiol analogous is an analogue of apiole, widely used in biochemical experiments. Apiole can act as antioxidant, antifungal, anticancerous, abortifacient, acaricidal, phytotoxic, antitumor, and antiproliferative agents. Apiol can affect the hypothalamic-pituitary axis, regulate the menstrual cycle, induce G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, and inhibit cancer cells.

Radicinin is used as a phytotoxic and antibiotic metabolite produced by some phytopathogenic fungi.

AM Toxin III is a phytotoxic peptide.

Rubrobramide is a cytotoxic and phytotoxic metabolite from Cladobotyrum rubrobrunnescens.

β-Cembrenediol (β-CBT) is a natural product from tobacco plants that is found in cigarette smoke condensate. β-CBT inhibits induction of the early antigen of Epstein-Barr virus (EA-EBV) by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) in vitro (IC50 = 21.9 μM). It inhibits tumor promoting effects of TPA on 7,12-demethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced papilloma formation in vivo. β-CBT is also released into soil by flue-cured tobacco plants and exerts autotoxicity as well as phytotoxic activity against L. sativa seedlings.

Carviolin is a natural product found in Penicillium purpureum, Pure Neobulgaria and Penicillium spp with moderately cytotoxic. Carviolin has antifungal, antibacterial or phytotoxic activity.

Destruxin B2 is a cyclic hexadepsipeptide mycotoxin that has been found in M. anisopliae and has antiviral, insecticidal, and phytotoxic activities.1,2,3 It inhibits secretion of hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) by Hep3B cells expressing hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA (IC50 = 1.3 μM).1 Destruxin B2 is toxic to Sf9 insect cells in an electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) test with a 50% inhibitory concentration (ECIS50) value of 92 μM.4 It is also phytotoxic to B. napus leaves.3 |1. Yeh, S.F., Pan, W., Ong, G.-T., et al. Study of structure-activity correlation in destruxins, a class of cyclodepsipeptides possessing suppressive effect on the generation of hepatitis B virus surface antigen in human hepatoma cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 229(1), 65-72 (1996).|2. Male, K.B., Tzeng, Y.-M., Montes, J., et al. Probing inhibitory effects of destruxins from Metarhizium anisopliae using insect cell based impedance spectroscopy: Inhibition vs chemical structure. Analyst 134(7), 1447-1452 (2009).|3. Buchwaldt, L., and Green, H. Phytotoxicity of destruxin B and its possible role in the pathogenesis of Alternaria brassicae. Plant Pathol. 41(1), 55-63 (1992).

Anhydroepiophiobolin A is a sesterterpenoid fungal metabolite that has been found in B. oryzae. It is cytotoxic to HepG2 and K562 cells (IC50s = 47.1 and 35.6 μM, respectively) as well as A549, SKOV3, SK-MEL-2, XF498, and HCT15 cells (IC50s = 1.6-1.9 μg/ml). Anhydroepiophiobolin A is phytotoxic to S. viridis and D. erucoides in a leaf puncture assay.

Papyracillic acid is a fungal metabolite and a derivative of penicillic acid originally isolated fromL. papyraceumand has antibiotic, antifungal, and phytotoxic activities.1,2It is active against the bacteriaX. campestrisandB. subtilisand the fungusC. tropicalisin a disc assay when used at a concentration of 5 μg/disc.2Papyracillic acid (1 mg/ml) induces necrotic lesion formation in a panel of 10 plants. 1.Shan, R., Anke, H., Stadler, M., et al.Papyracillic acid, a new penicillic acid analogue from the Ascomycete Lachnum papyraceumTetrahedron52(30)10249-10254(1996) 2.Evidente, A., Berestetskiy, A., Cimmino, A., et al.Papyracillic acid, a phytotoxic 1,6-dioxaspiro[4,4]nonene produced by Ascochyta agropyrina Var. nana, a potential mycoherbicide for Elytrigia repens biocontrolJ. Agric. Food Chem.57(23)11168-11173(2009)

Pentabromopseudilin (PBrP), a marine antibiotic derived from Pseudomonas bromoutilis and Alteromonas luteoviolaceus, demonstrates antimicrobial, antitumor, and phytotoxic properties. It acts as a reversible, allosteric inhibitor of myosin Va (MyoVa) and robustly inhibits transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) activity. PBrP is utilized in researching fibrotic diseases and cancer [1].

Altersolanol A (Stemphylin; NSC 173943) demonstrates effective antimicrobial properties, inhibiting the growth of Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranging from 25-100 μg/mL. Additionally, it shows no phytotoxic effects on Taxus at a concentration of 4 μg/μL.

Alternariol (Standard) is the standard substance of Alternariol, and it is applicable for quantitative analysis, quality control, and related research in biochemical experiments. Alternariol (AOH), a mycotoxin synthesized by Alternaria species, displays numerous therapeutic and biological effects, including phytotoxic, cytotoxic, anti-HIV, anti-cancer, and anti-microbial properties. It functions by inhibiting the catalytic activity of topoisomerase I and II enzymes.

Neobulgarone E is an anthraquinone derivative isolated from the ascomycete fungus Neobulgaria pura HA A07-97. It inhibits the formation of appressoria in the rice blast fungus and displays mild cytotoxicity, but lacks antifungal, antibacterial, and phytotoxic activities.

Neobulgarone D is an anthraquinone derivative from the ascomycete fungus Neobulgaria pura HA A07-97. It inhibits the formation of appressoria in the rice blast fungus and exhibits mild cytotoxicity with no antifungal, antibacterial, or phytotoxic activity.

Neobulgarone F, an anthraquinone derivative from the ascomycete fungus Neobulgaria pura HA A07-97, inhibits the formation of appressoria by the rice blast pathogen. It exhibits mild cytotoxicity and lacks antifungal, antibacterial, and phytotoxic activities.

Neobulgarone C is an anthraquinone derivative derived from the ascomycete fungus Neobulgaria pura HA A07-97. It effectively inhibits the formation of appressoria in the rice blast fungus and displays mild cytotoxicity, but lacks antifungal, antibacterial, or phytotoxic properties.

Neobulgarone A, an anthraquinone derivative from the ascomycete fungus Neobulgaria pura HA A07-97, inhibits the formation of appressoria in the rice blast fungus. It exhibits mild cytotoxicity but lacks antifungal, antibacterial, and phytotoxic activities.

Neobulgarone B is an anthraquinone derivative from the ascomycete fungus Neobulgaria pura HA A07-97. It inhibits the formation of appressoria by Magnaporthe oryzae and exhibits mild cytotoxicity without antifungal, antibacterial, or phytotoxic effects.

Dihydroprehelminthosporol is a strongly phytotoxic metabolite, it exhibits cytotoxicity towards two human cancer cell lines, A549 and SK-OA-3.